{ "schemaVersion": "1.0", "asOf": "2026-08-12", "domainName": "聚变诊断", "domainNameEn": "Fusion Diagnostics", "namingBoundary": "合成诊断与智能方法是聚变诊断的子域和赋能层，不替代真实仪器、计量、反演及设备状态监测。", "taskMeta": { "DG0": { "label": "诊断系统工程、计量与健康", "en": "SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, METROLOGY & HEALTH", "role": "cross-cutting" }, "DG1": { "label": "磁平衡、电流与位形", "en": "MAGNETIC EQUILIBRIUM, CURRENT & CONFIGURATION", "role": "measurement" }, "DG2": { "label": "电子密度与电子温度", "en": "ELECTRON DENSITY & TEMPERATURE", "role": "measurement" }, "DG3": { "label": "离子状态、流动、组分与中性粒子", "en": "ION STATE, FLOW, COMPOSITION & NEUTRALS", "role": "measurement" }, "DG4": { "label": "辐射、杂质与功率损失", "en": "RADIATION, IMPURITIES & POWER LOSS", "role": "measurement" }, "DG5": { "label": "聚变产物、中子、伽马与高能粒子", "en": "FUSION PRODUCTS, NEUTRONS, GAMMA RAYS & ENERGETIC PARTICLES", "role": "measurement" }, "DG6": { "label": "MHD、波动与湍流", "en": "MHD, WAVES & TURBULENCE", "role": "measurement" }, "DG7": { "label": "边界、SOL、偏滤器与等离子体面对部件", "en": "EDGE, SOL, DIVERTOR & PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS", "role": "measurement" }, "DG8": { "label": "工程设备与电厂状态监测", "en": "ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT & PLANT CONDITION", "role": "measurement" }, "DG9": { "label": "合成诊断与仪器前向模型", "en": "SYNTHETIC DIAGNOSTICS & FORWARD MODELS", "role": "cross-cutting" }, "DG10": { "label": "集成反演、层析与数据同化", "en": "INTEGRATED INVERSION, TOMOGRAPHY & DATA ASSIMILATION", "role": "cross-cutting" }, "DG11": { "label": "实时诊断、AI 与决策接口", "en": "REAL-TIME DIAGNOSTICS, AI & DECISION INTERFACES", "role": "cross-cutting" } }, "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL", "ENGINEERING_SENSOR", "LASER", "MAGNETIC", "MICROWAVE", "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE", "OPTICAL", "PROBE_SAMPLING" ], "evidenceScale": { "E0": "需求/概念", "E1": "数值/合成验证", "E2": "实验室/原型/标定", "E3": "装置数据/安装调试/交叉验证", "E4": "装置在线/实时/常规使用" }, "deploymentScale": { "D1": "概念/需求", "D2": "软件或实验室原型", "D3": "安装/联调/回放/影子/HIL", "D4": "常规装置工作流", "D5": "经治理批准的安全/保护关键用途" }, "statistics": { "total": 97, "uniqueProjects": 97, "uniquePapers": 167, "uniqueCodeAssets": 35, "devices": 18, "primaryTasks": { "DG0": 8, "DG1": 5, "DG10": 10, "DG11": 3, "DG2": 5, "DG3": 5, "DG4": 4, "DG5": 9, "DG6": 6, "DG7": 7, "DG8": 21, "DG9": 14 }, "taskAssociations": { "DG0": 35, "DG1": 19, "DG10": 38, "DG11": 40, "DG2": 28, "DG3": 24, "DG4": 28, "DG5": 25, "DG6": 25, "DG7": 28, "DG8": 34, "DG9": 32 }, "evidence": { "E0": 1, "E1": 7, "E2": 21, "E3": 40, "E4": 28 }, "deployment": { "D1": 2, "D2": 42, "D3": 25, "D4": 28 } }, "entries": [ { "id": "DSI-001", "projectId": "imas-ids-dd", "primaryTask": "DG0", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1", "DG2", "DG3", "DG4", "DG5", "DG6", "DG7", "DG8", "DG9", "DG10", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "IMAS 接口数据结构与数据字典", "titleEn": "IMAS Interface Data Structures and Data Dictionary", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: IDS schema；machine description；ontology-like data dictionary；versioned APIs", "problem": "跨装置、跨代码与跨诊断的数据命名、单位、坐标、时间、误差和血缘不一致，使联合分析与长期可复现性失效。", "measurementPrinciple": "不直接测量；把原始、处理后和模拟数据映射到版本化 IDS，并用机器描述和数据字典规定结构、单位、坐标及关系。", "quantities": [ "signals", "profiles", "equilibrium", "geometry", "units", "uncertainty", "provenance" ], "region": [ "全装置、跨物理域与全放电时间轴" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "HDF5/MDSplus/UDA compatible backends", "analysis servers" ], "calibration": "契约可保存校准量、几何和误差，但校准算法与证书仍由各诊断负责；数据字典版本必须随结果固化。", "inference": "schema validation；cross-code data mapping；integrated-workflow exchange", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EUROfusion devices", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "WEST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "TCV", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "W7-X", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "ITER 与 EUROfusion 的集成建模工作流持续使用；论文报告代码集成、数据核验和模型验证，2025 年基础设施与物理模型开放源代码。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "IDS 语义覆盖不等于源诊断可比；时间基准、几何误差、校准证书、质量位和后验协方差在不同适配器中仍可能丢失。", "twinRelevance": "是数字孪生最接近跨域数据契约的现成基础，但还需事件语义、在线质量状态、模型版本和不确定度传播的强制规则。", "papers": [ { "title": "Code Integration, Data Verification, and Models Validation Using the ITER Integrated Modeling and Analysis System (IMAS) in EUROfusion", "authors": "M. Romanelli; R. Coelho; D. Coster; J. Ferreira; L. Fleury; S. Henderson; J. Hollocombe; F. Imbeaux; T. Jonsson; L. Kogan; O. Meneghini; A. Merle; et al. (19 authors)", "year": 2020, "venue": "Fusion Science and Technology", "doi": "10.1080/15361055.2020.1819751", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2020.1819751", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary framework report" }, { "title": "Release of IMAS infrastructure and physics models as open source", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2025, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.iter.org/node/20687/release-imas-infrastructure-and-physics-models-open-source", "sourceType": "ITER official announcement" } ], "code": [ { "name": "IMAS Data Dictionary", "url": "https://github.com/iterorganization/IMAS-Data-Dictionary", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "ITER Organization 维护的数据模式与生成资产。" }, { "name": "IMAS Python", "url": "https://github.com/iterorganization/IMAS-Python", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "IDS 的 Python 访问层。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "EUROfusion" ], "tags": [ "data-contract", "IDS", "schema", "provenance", "interoperability" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-002", "projectId": "mdsplus", "primaryTask": "DG0", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1", "DG2", "DG3", "DG4", "DG5", "DG6", "DG7", "DG8", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "MDSplus 脉冲树、数据采集与时序数据管理", "titleEn": "MDSplus Pulse Trees, Acquisition and Time-Series Data Management", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: hierarchical pulse tree；segmented time series；TDI expressions；distributed client/server", "problem": "聚变实验需要在一个可追溯脉冲上下文中配置采集硬件、并发写入高速时序并连接分析结果。", "measurementPrinciple": "不改变传感器物理；以树节点保存配置、原始波形、时间基、表达式与派生结果，并支持分布式读写。", "quantities": [ "waveforms", "events", "configuration", "timebase", "processed products" ], "region": [ "诊断机柜至装置级脉冲档案" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "DAQ servers", "storage arrays", "timing interfaces" ], "calibration": "可把校准系数与表达式绑定到树节点；若缺少不可变证书、有效期与原始 ADC 保留，仍不能构成计量追溯。", "inference": "on-demand expressions；pulse replay；analysis orchestration", "devices": [ { "name": "Alcator C-Mod", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "RFX-mod", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "TCV", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "NSTX-U", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "SPIDER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "自 1990 年代在多装置长期运行；MARTe/MDSplus 组合自 2012 年用于 RFX-mod 数据采集与实时控制。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "树结构灵活但跨装置语义不自动一致；复杂表达式和外部依赖的版本冻结、细粒度质量标志及大规模对象存储需额外治理。", "twinRelevance": "提供数字孪生所需的放电回放、原始证据保全和事件对齐底座。", "papers": [ { "title": "MDSplus yesterday, today and tomorrow", "authors": "T. Fredian; J. Stillerman; G. Manduchi; A. Rigoni; K. Erickson; T. Schröder", "year": 2018, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.12.010", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.12.010", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary framework report" }, { "title": "The MDSplus data acquisition system, current status and future directions", "authors": "J.A. Stillerman and T.W. Fredian", "year": 1999, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design / MIT PSFC", "doi": null, "url": "https://library.psfc.mit.edu/catalog/reports/1990/97ja/97ja017/97ja017_full.pdf", "sourceType": "MIT PSFC primary report" } ], "code": [ { "name": "MDSplus", "url": "https://github.com/MDSplus/mdsplus", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "项目官方源代码与语言接口。" } ], "organizations": [ "MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center", "Consorzio RFX", "MDSplus collaboration" ], "tags": [ "DAQ", "pulse-tree", "time-series", "archive", "replay" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-003", "projectId": "ukaea-uda", "primaryTask": "DG0", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1", "DG2", "DG3", "DG4", "DG5", "DG6", "DG7", "DG8", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "UDA 统一数据访问层", "titleEn": "Universal Data Access (UDA)", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: plugin-driven access；client-server API；fat client；Cap'n Proto", "problem": "分析软件面对 MDSplus、文件、数据库和远端服务时容易把设备专用访问逻辑写进物理算法。", "measurementPrinciple": "通过插件把不同数据源转换为统一对象并经网络或本地客户端返回，不修改源测量。", "quantities": [ "arrays", "scalars", "metadata", "errors", "dimensions" ], "region": [ "实验数据源到分析与 IMAS 适配层" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "data servers", "network clients" ], "calibration": "只传递后端提供的校准和误差信息；统一 API 不会自动证明这些元数据完整。", "inference": "data discovery；format abstraction；remote access", "devices": [ { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER/IMAS workflows", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "UKAEA facilities", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "官方仓库提供 C/C++/Python 客户端、构建测试和 ITER 培训材料；公开来源支持软件实现与设施数据链使用，但本记录没有证明给定版本的持续在线服务等级。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "可用性取决于站点插件、授权、网络和数据语义；统一对象不等于统一诊断本体。", "twinRelevance": "把数字孪生服务与装置数据库解耦，是在线/离线共用数据入口，但需叠加契约、缓存和 SLA。", "papers": [ { "title": "Universal Data Access official repository and documentation", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2026, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://github.com/ukaea/UDA", "sourceType": "UKAEA official repository" } ], "code": [ { "name": "UDA", "url": "https://github.com/ukaea/UDA", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "UKAEA 维护的统一数据访问核心。" }, { "name": "pyuda", "url": "https://pypi.org/project/pyuda", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "software-package", "access": "public", "relation": "UDA 官方 Python 客户端发行包。" } ], "organizations": [ "UK Atomic Energy Authority" ], "tags": [ "data-access", "plugin", "network", "IMAS", "abstraction" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-004", "projectId": "ga-omas", "primaryTask": "DG0", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1", "DG2", "DG3", "DG4", "DG5", "DG6", "DG7", "DG8", "DG9", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "OMAS：轻量 IMAS 兼容数据对象与装置映射", "titleEn": "OMAS: Lightweight IMAS-Compatible Data Objects", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: Python object mapping；IMAS schema validation；machine mappings；HDF5/JSON interchange", "problem": "研究者在没有完整 IMAS 安装的环境中仍需读写标准化 IDS、映射装置数据和搭建可测试工作流。", "measurementPrinciple": "用 Python 对象实现 IMAS 数据结构和装置映射，支持一致路径、单位与格式转换。", "quantities": [ "IDS fields", "equilibrium", "profiles", "sources", "diagnostics" ], "region": [ "分析工作站与跨代码工作流" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "CPU workstations" ], "calibration": "可承载校准后的数据与元数据；映射脚本必须单独进行通道、单位和时间验证。", "inference": "schema checking；machine mapping；workflow exchange", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "NSTX-U", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER scenario studies", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "GA workflows", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "官方仓库包含持续测试和多种格式示例，已用于 GA/跨机构建模工作流。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "不是实时总线或计量系统；部分 IDS 与机器映射覆盖随版本变化，需固定 schema 和映射提交。", "twinRelevance": "适合孪生原型快速采用 IMAS 语义，也能作为源数据到正式 IDS 的过渡适配器。", "papers": [ { "title": "OMAS documentation", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2026, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://gafusion.github.io/omas", "sourceType": "official project documentation" } ], "code": [ { "name": "OMAS", "url": "https://github.com/gafusion/omas", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "General Atomics Fusion 官方开源实现。" } ], "organizations": [ "General Atomics Fusion" ], "tags": [ "IMAS", "Python", "mapping", "schema", "prototype" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-005", "projectId": "fair4fusion", "primaryTask": "DG0", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1", "DG2", "DG3", "DG4", "DG5", "DG6", "DG7", "DG8", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "FAIR4Fusion 数据治理蓝图", "titleEn": "FAIR4Fusion Data Governance Blueprint", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: FAIR metadata；data management plans；persistent identifiers；access classification", "problem": "聚变数据常缺少可发现元数据、许可、责任人、版本、保留期与跨设施访问规则。", "measurementPrinciple": "以治理流程和元数据蓝图描述数据产品、访问等级、血缘及复用条件，不参与信号采集。", "quantities": [ "dataset metadata", "access policy", "provenance", "persistent identifiers" ], "region": [ "项目和设施全生命周期" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "catalog services", "repositories" ], "calibration": "要求把校准和处理血缘纳入元数据，但不提供具体计量实现。", "inference": "cataloguing；policy enforcement；reproducibility governance", "devices": [ { "name": "EUROfusion facilities", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER-adjacent research ecosystem", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "项目发布蓝图和交付物，形成 open/embargo/restricted/closed 等访问分类；尚非统一生产平台。", "evidenceLevel": "E1", "deploymentLevel": "D1", "limitations": "偏治理和蓝图；设施落地、机器可执行数据契约、审计日志和长期经费仍不一致。", "twinRelevance": "补足数字孪生的责任体系和证据可追溯性，防止“可运行模型”与“可审计模型”混为一谈。", "papers": [ { "title": "FAIR4Fusion project and blueprint", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2026, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.fair4fusion.eu", "sourceType": "official project documentation" } ], "code": [ { "name": "FAIR4Fusion production platform", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "项目公开交付物以蓝图和治理材料为主，未核验到一个可代表全项目的生产代码库。" } ], "organizations": [ "FAIR4Fusion consortium", "EUROfusion" ], "tags": [ "FAIR", "governance", "metadata", "provenance", "access-control" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-006", "projectId": "calcam", "primaryTask": "DG0", "relatedTasks": [ "DG4", "DG7", "DG8", "DG9" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "Calcam 相机几何标定与像素—三维映射", "titleEn": "Calcam Camera Calibration and Pixel-to-3D Mapping", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；methods: CAD ray projection；camera calibration；pixel sightline mapping；synthetic view", "problem": "相机、热像仪和光谱成像的每个像素只有在视线、畸变、遮挡和 CAD 坐标被标定后才能与物理场对齐。", "measurementPrinciple": "以标定图像和三维机器 CAD 求相机内外参，将像素映射为三维射线并生成合成相机视图。", "quantities": [ "intrinsics", "extrinsics", "distortion", "line of sight", "surface intersection" ], "region": [ "第一壁、偏滤器、可见与红外视场" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "visible/IR cameras", "calibration targets", "CAD workstations" ], "calibration": "图像特征与 CAD/标靶联合拟合；标定文件应记录版本、残差、有效期和机械变更。", "inference": "geometric registration；ray intersection；synthetic projection", "devices": [ { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "fusion camera systems", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "官方软件用于聚变装置相机几何标定，并可把三维 CAD 投影回图像检查残差与遮挡。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "机械热漂移、端口移动、镜面反射与不可见表面会使静态标定失效；几何协方差通常未贯穿后续反演。", "twinRelevance": "是将诊断图像注册到三维孪生几何的关键基础，必须与 CAD 版本和时变形变联动。", "papers": [ { "title": "Calcam documentation", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2026, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://euratom-software.github.io/calcam", "sourceType": "official project documentation" }, { "title": "Calcam", "authors": "Scott Silburn; James Harrison; Tom Farley; Jordan Cavalier; Sam Van Stroud; Jamie McGowan; Augustin Marignier; Emily Nurse; Christian Gutschow; Mark Smithies; Alasdair Wynn; Rhys Doyle; et al. (15 authors)", "year": 2026, "venue": "Zenodo", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18842405", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18842405", "sourceType": "official software archive" } ], "code": [ { "name": "Calcam", "url": "https://github.com/euratom-software/calcam", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "EUROfusion/UKAEA 团队维护的几何标定软件。" } ], "organizations": [ "UK Atomic Energy Authority", "EUROfusion" ], "tags": [ "camera-calibration", "geometry", "CAD", "line-of-sight", "registration" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-007", "projectId": "marte2-mdsplus", "primaryTask": "DG0", "relatedTasks": [ "DG8", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "MARTe2–MDSplus 实时采集、配置与归档一体化", "titleEn": "MARTe2–MDSplus Integrated Real-Time Acquisition and Archiving", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: deterministic real-time components；device abstraction；streaming archive；configuration generation", "problem": "实时控制配置与数据采集配置分离会产生接口漂移、重复配置和难以回放的实时链。", "measurementPrinciple": "MARTe2 处理确定性实时数据流，MDSplus 设备模型描述采集与组件关系并保存流式数据和配置。", "quantities": [ "real-time signals", "configuration", "reference waveforms", "events" ], "region": [ "诊断电子学、实时网络与脉冲档案" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "real-time Linux computers", "ADC/camera systems", "MDSplus servers" ], "calibration": "校准参数可随配置读入并归档；实时路径还需独立验证数值精度、延迟和时间戳。", "inference": "real-time preprocessing；configuration consistency checks；pulse replay", "devices": [ { "name": "RFX-mod", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "RFX-mod2", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "SPIDER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER NBTF", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DTT", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "SPARC planned", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "SMART proof-of-concept", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "RFX-mod 自 2012 年运行 MARTe/MDSplus；论文给出组件集成、配置生成和用例。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "框架确定性不等于端到端诊断确定性；驱动、网络、时钟、丢包、重启和模型推理 WCET 需逐系统证明。", "twinRelevance": "提供实时孪生数据平面和可回放配置，是影子模式、硬件在环与在线估计的重要执行底座。", "papers": [ { "title": "MARTe2 and MDSplus integration for a comprehensive fast control and data acquisition system", "authors": "G. Manduchi; A. Rigonii; T.W. Fredian; J.A. Stillerman; A. Neto; F. Sartori", "year": 2020, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111892", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111892", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary framework report" } ], "code": [ { "name": "MARTe2", "url": "https://vcis-gitlab.f4e.europa.eu/aneto/MARTe2", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "Fusion for Energy 维护的 MARTe2 核心。" }, { "name": "MDSplus", "url": "https://github.com/MDSplus/mdsplus", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "官方数据系统；为集成链提供设备模型和归档，不是 MARTe2 本身。" } ], "organizations": [ "Fusion for Energy", "Consorzio RFX", "MIT PSFC" ], "tags": [ "real-time", "DAQ", "configuration", "archive", "replay" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-008", "projectId": "iter-diagnostic-codac-cal", "primaryTask": "DG0", "relatedTasks": [ "DG5", "DG8", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR" ], "title": "ITER 诊断 Plant I&C、CODAC 接口与中子计量校准治理", "titleEn": "ITER Diagnostic Plant I&C, CODAC Interfaces and Neutron Metrology", "technique": "family: ENGINEERING_SENSOR；methods: standardized plant I&C；time/network interfaces；reference-source calibration；cross-calibration", "problem": "59 个诊断 plant 由多方交付且处于核环境，必须以统一状态机、网络、时间、保护边界和校准链获得可比且可维护的测量。", "measurementPrinciple": "Plant I&C 遵循 CODAC 标准网络与运行状态；中子诊断用嵌入源、参考脉冲、原位中子源和诊断间交叉校准建立功率测量。", "quantities": [ "fusion power", "neutron rate", "timestamp", "plant state", "quality/interlock state" ], "region": [ "真空室诊断至诊断楼、CODAC、PCS、联锁和安全系统" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "RNC", "fission chambers", "activation systems", "DAQ", "CODAC networks", "calibration neutron sources" ], "calibration": "RNC 方案结合内置源、参考脉冲、裂变室/活化系统交叉校准与 MCNP/OpenMC 响应；需保存源证书、照射几何、衰变修正和不确定度预算。", "inference": "neutron response unfolding；cross-calibration；plant-state orchestration", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "接口架构来自 ITER Plant Control Design 方法；RNC 校准论文提出约 10% 功率精度、10 ms 时间分辨及 a/10 空间分辨目标，原位源校准仍属 ITER 建设/投运任务。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "大部分端到端等离子体环境验证尚待 ITER 投运；辐照老化、漂移、端口集成和多诊断相关误差会破坏独立误差假设。", "twinRelevance": "定义了孪生走向电厂时必须具备的状态机、时间权威、接口控制文件、校准证据和保护分区。", "papers": [ { "title": "Integration of the ITER diagnostic plant systems with CODAC", "authors": "S. Simrock; R. Barnsley; L. Bertalot; C. Hansalia; W.D. Klotz; P. Makijarvi; R. Reichle; G. Vayakis; I. Yonekawa; C. Walker; A. Wallander; M. Walsh; et al. (13 authors)", "year": 2011, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.01.101", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.01.101", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed ITER primary architecture report" }, { "title": "Strategy and guidelines for the calibration of the ITER Radial Neutron Camera", "authors": "M. Cecconello; R. Miklaszewski; D. Marocco; S. Conroy; F. Moro; B. Esposito; S. Podda; B. Bienkowska; A. Szydlowski", "year": 2019, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.099", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.099", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed ITER primary design report" }, { "title": "How ITER quantifies fusion power", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2025, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.iter.org/node/20687/how-iter-quantifies-fusion-power", "sourceType": "ITER official technical page" } ], "code": [ { "name": "ITER CODAC core/configuration assets", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "configuration-and-source", "access": "not-public", "relation": "生产 CODAC 与 Plant I&C 配置未作为一个可核验公共代码库开放。" }, { "name": "OpenMC", "url": "https://github.com/openmc-dev/openmc", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "中子响应与校准场计算的开源蒙特卡洛工具；不是 ITER RNC 校准工作流本体。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "Fusion for Energy", "ITER Domestic Agencies" ], "tags": [ "CODAC", "calibration", "metrology", "neutron", "plant-I&C" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG1-001", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-001", "primaryTask": "DG1", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG10", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "MAGNETIC" ], "title": "感应式磁测量：磁通环、拾取线圈与罗戈夫斯基线圈", "titleEn": "Inductive magnetics: flux loops, pickup coils and Rogowski coils", "technique": "family: MAGNETIC；name: 感应式磁测量 / inductive magnetics", "problem": "为等离子体电流、位形控制和平衡反演提供高带宽外部磁约束。", "measurementPrinciple": "法拉第感应电压经时间积分得到局部磁场或环向磁通；环绕电流的罗戈夫斯基线圈给出总电流。", "quantities": [ "B_R", "B_Z", "poloidal flux", "plasma current", "loop voltage" ], "region": [ "真空室内外极向阵列", "中心柱与外壁" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "mineral-insulated pickup coils", "flux loops", "Rogowski coils", "integrators", "radiation-hard cables" ], "calibration": "以几何测量、已知PF线圈电流和真空脉冲标定互感矩阵；逐炮检查零点、漂移和坏道。", "inference": "去偏置并积分，补偿被动结构涡流后进入EFIT类反演；残差和冗余总电流通道用于质量控制。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "本条直接来源覆盖 ITER 堆外磁诊断的设计、制造约束和预期平衡重建性能；通用现役装置做法未在本记录中以独立运行论文证明。", "evidenceLevel": "E1", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "感应线圈没有真正直流响应；积分漂移、涡流模型、辐照和不可维修性限制长期精度。", "twinRelevance": "位形孪生的基础观测层；必须版本化几何、互感矩阵、积分器状态、时间同步和通道健康。", "papers": [ { "title": "Design and performance analysis of ITER ex-vessel magnetic diagnostics", "authors": "Ph. Moreau; A. Le-Luyer; P. Hertout; F. Saint-Laurent; W. Zwingmann; J.M. Moret; Y. Martin", "year": 2009, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.028", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.028", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "ITER diagnostics design and implementation", "authors": "ITER Diagnostics Division", "year": 2003, "venue": "IAEA technical proceedings", "doi": null, "url": "https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/csp_019c/pdf/ct_5.pdf", "sourceType": "official-technical-document" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "装置积分器、涡流补偿和PCS接口未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "General Atomics", "IPP CAS", "UKAEA" ], "tags": [ "magnetics", "equilibrium", "plasma-current", "real-time" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG1-002", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-002", "primaryTask": "DG1", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "MAGNETIC" ], "title": "稳态霍尔磁测量：ITER OVSS与DEMO候选传感器", "titleEn": "Steady-state Hall magnetics for ITER OVSS and DEMO", "technique": "family: MAGNETIC；name: 霍尔磁场测量 / Hall magnetics", "problem": "补足长脉冲/连续运行时感应线圈的低频与直流盲区。", "measurementPrinciple": "霍尔横向电压随磁场、驱动电流与材料霍尔系数变化；用磁场—温度标定函数补偿非线性。", "quantities": [ "steady magnetic field", "field drift", "sensor temperature" ], "region": [ "ITER外真空容器", "DEMO候选高温位置" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "bismuth Hall sensors", "antimony/chromium Hall elements", "temperature sensors", "radiation-tolerant feedthroughs" ], "calibration": "在磁场—温度二维网格标定霍尔系数，并做中子嬗变/辐照评估和安装后零偏复核。", "inference": "温度补偿与非线性拟合后，与感应线圈做带宽拼接和多传感器一致性检查。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER OVSS", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DEMO", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "TEXTOR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "Tore Supra", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "ITER以材料表征、制造试验和误差预算验证；DEMO候选仍以台架/辐照外推为主。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "温度、辐照嬗变和远离等离子体的位置使灵敏度漂移及反演病态。", "twinRelevance": "可作为长脉冲磁基线，但温度补偿模型、累积剂量和标定版本必须成为传感器状态。", "papers": [ { "title": "Status of steady-state magnetic diagnostic for ITER and outlook for possible materials of Hall sensors for DEMO", "authors": "Ivan Ďuran; Slavomír Entler; Ondřej Grover; Inessa Bolshakova; Karel Výborný; Martin Kočan; Tomáš Jirman; George Vayakis; Oleksandr Vasyliev; Maksym Radishevskyi; Zhenxing Wang; Daniel Neumaier", "year": 2019, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.201", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.201", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Prospects for the steady-state magnetic diagnostic based on antimony Hall sensors for future fusion power reactors", "authors": "S. Entler; I. Duran; M. Kocan; G. Vayakis; M. Kohout; J. Sebek; P. Sladek; O. Grover; K. Vyborny", "year": 2019, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.013", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.013", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "OVSS补偿系数和运行软件由项目配置控制。" } ], "organizations": [ "IPP Czech Academy", "ITER Organization", "EUROfusion", "Lviv Polytechnic" ], "tags": [ "Hall", "steady-state", "ITER", "DEMO", "radiation" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG1-003", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-003", "primaryTask": "DG1", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "光纤电流传感：EAST等离子体与PF母排电流", "titleEn": "Fiber-optic current sensing for EAST plasma and PF currents", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 法拉第光纤电流测量 / FOCS", "problem": "无积分漂移地测量长脉冲等离子体与线圈电流，并隔离高压和电磁干扰。", "measurementPrinciple": "环绕电流的光纤产生法拉第偏振旋转；反射式干涉仪把旋转转成电信号。", "quantities": [ "plasma current", "PF current", "disruption transient" ], "region": [ "真空室内环绕等离子体", "PF母排" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "polarization-maintaining fiber", "Faraday mirror", "reflection interferometer", "optical feedthrough" ], "calibration": "已知电流标定比例系数；测量温漂、振动、冲击和磁串扰，PF通道在-5至55°C验证0.4%要求。", "inference": "偏振解调、相位展开、温度/串扰补偿，并与罗戈夫斯基线圈逐炮比对。", "devices": [ { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER concept", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "CFETR concept", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "EAST不同电流水平放电测得约800 kA并捕捉破裂瞬变；12个PF母排通道在装置运行验证。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "双折射、连接器/法拉第镜误差、振动和真空内光纤老化影响绝对精度。", "twinRelevance": "可作为长脉冲绝对电流锚点，并在线校正感应磁通积分漂移。", "papers": [ { "title": "Fiber-optic current sensor for plasma current on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak", "authors": "M.M. Xue; B. Shen; D.L. Chen; Y. Wang; T.H. Shi; H.H. Wang; Y.W. Sun; J.P. Qian; H. Xiao; B.J. Xiao", "year": 2019, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.070", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.070", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Upgrade of poloidal field coils current measurement system on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak", "authors": "M.M. Xue; D.L. Chen; B. Shen; Y. Wang; T.H. Shi; H.H. Wang; Y.W. Sun; J.P. Qian; H. Xiao; B.J. Xiao", "year": 2019, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111264", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111264", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Effect of Faraday mirror imperfections in a fiber optic current sensor dedicated to ITER", "authors": "Doğuş Karabulut; Anton Miazin; Andrei Gusarov; Philippe Moreau; Willem Leysen; Patrice Mégret; Marc Wuilpart", "year": 2019, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.11.011", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.11.011", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "偏振解调与装置实时接口未发布。" } ], "organizations": [ "IPP CAS", "ITER Organization", "SCK CEN", "University of Mons" ], "tags": [ "FOCS", "Faraday-effect", "EAST", "long-pulse" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG1-004", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-004", "primaryTask": "DG1", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "动生斯塔克效应：内部磁场与电流密度剖面", "titleEn": "Motional Stark effect for internal field and current profile", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 动生斯塔克偏振谱 / MSE", "problem": "为仅靠外部磁测量不可唯一确定的内部安全因子和电流密度提供局部约束。", "measurementPrinciple": "中性束原子在v×B等效电场中发生斯塔克分裂；Dα偏振方向编码局部磁场倾角。", "quantities": [ "magnetic pitch angle", "q profile", "current-density profile" ], "region": [ "中性束穿越的核心—边缘" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "neutral beam", "polarization optics", "photoelastic modulators", "spectrometers", "CCD/photodiodes" ], "calibration": "用旋转偏振片和Mueller矩阵做真空内外标定；束关闭测背景并控制视线/偏振零点。", "inference": "锁相或Stokes解调得到偏振角，再作为EFIT内部约束；传播束几何、径向电场和零点误差。", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "DIII-D 装置在线 MSE 测量通过多视线重复性、原位偏振校准及与磁平衡、锯齿/MHD位置一致性验证。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "依赖中性束；背景Dα、窗双折射、径向电场和有限束宽形成系统误差。", "twinRelevance": "将外部平衡升级为内部剖面状态；孪生应保存原始Stokes量与标定协方差。", "papers": [ { "title": "Motional Stark effect polarimetry for a current profile diagnostic in DIII-D", "authors": "D. Wróblewski; K. H. Burrell; L. L. Lao; P. Politzer; W. P. West", "year": 1990, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.1141569", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1141569", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Improved signal analysis for the calibration of the motional Stark effect diagnostic", "authors": "Yuejiang Shi", "year": 2006, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.2166667", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2166667", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "DIII-D MSE生产分析与标定库受控。" } ], "organizations": [ "General Atomics", "LLNL", "KFE", "University of Wisconsin–Madison" ], "tags": [ "MSE", "q-profile", "polarimetry", "neutral-beam" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG1-005", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-005", "primaryTask": "DG1", "relatedTasks": [ "DG10", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "实时磁平衡重建：rtEFIT与GPU实现", "titleEn": "Real-time magnetic-equilibrium reconstruction: rtEFIT and GPU implementations", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；name: 实时Grad–Shafranov反演 / rtEFIT", "problem": "把磁信号和电流观测转为位置、边界、X点和磁通面，供控制与场景评估。", "measurementPrinciple": "在轴对称Grad–Shafranov方程下拟合电流基函数和导体响应，使预测磁信号匹配观测。", "quantities": [ "LCFS", "magnetic axis", "X-point", "shape", "flux surfaces", "q with internal constraints" ], "region": [ "全极向截面" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "magnetic channels", "plasma/PF currents", "real-time compute node", "equilibrium model" ], "calibration": "真空场标定输入矩阵；用离线高精度重建与合成信号做回归测试。", "inference": "加权正则化反演，可加入MSE/偏振约束；实时质量门控监测残差、边界偏差和超时。", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "HL-2A", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "DIII-D rtEFIT 长期在装置 PCS 周期在线运行并与离线 EFIT 比对；HL-2A GPU实现以历史炮和时延/误差验证。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "轴对称、被动导体和有限观测导致不可辨识；低残差不证明内部剖面真实。", "twinRelevance": "状态孪生核心；应输出配置、输入清单、残差、协方差和失效标志。", "papers": [ { "title": "Real time equilibrium reconstruction for tokamak discharge control", "authors": "J.R Ferron; M.L Walker; L.L Lao; H.E. St John; D.A Humphreys; J.A Leuer", "year": 1998, "venue": "Nuclear Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/0029-5515/38/7/308", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/38/7/308", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Acceleration optimization of real-time equilibrium reconstruction for HL-2A tokamak discharge control", "authors": "Rui MA; Fan XIA; Fei LING; Jiaxian LI", "year": 2018, "venue": "Plasma Science and Technology", "doi": "10.1088/2058-6272/aa9432", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/aa9432", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "OMFIT EFIT module", "url": "https://omfit.io/modules/mod_EFIT.html", "status": "controlled-access", "artifactType": "workflow-interface", "access": "authorized OMFIT access", "relation": "EFIT配置/工作流接口，不等同rtEFIT源代码。" }, { "name": "FreeGS", "url": "https://github.com/ukaea/FreeGS", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "open-source-equilibrium-solver", "access": "public", "relation": "开放的Grad–Shafranov与合成磁信号基线。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "rtEFIT与PCS集成源码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "General Atomics", "SWIP", "UKAEA" ], "tags": [ "rtEFIT", "equilibrium", "GPU", "state-estimation" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG2-006", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-006", "primaryTask": "DG2", "relatedTasks": [ "DG9", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "LASER" ], "title": "多点汤姆逊散射：核心与边缘电子剖面", "titleEn": "Multipoint Thomson scattering for core and edge electron profiles", "technique": "family: LASER；name: 汤姆逊散射 / Thomson scattering", "problem": "单激光脉冲获得局部电子温度/密度剖面，作为输运和跨诊断标尺。", "measurementPrinciple": "自由电子散射谱的形状/展宽决定Te，绝对光子数结合几何与激光能量给ne。", "quantities": [ "electron temperature", "electron density", "profile gradient" ], "region": [ "核心径向剖面", "台基/边缘" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "pulsed Nd:YAG laser", "collection optics", "polychromators", "APD/CCD", "laser-energy monitor" ], "calibration": "拉曼/瑞利散射或标定灯求响应；逐通道测光谱响应、几何和激光能量，密度与干涉仪交叉。", "inference": "背景扣除后拟合相对论散射谱；映射到磁坐标并传播统计、标定和几何不确定度。", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "Globus-M2", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "Globus-M2 论文报告已安装系统的装置测量与性能，ITER 来源覆盖核心 TS 的设计推进；本记录未证明跨装置例行在线服务。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "采样受激光频率限制；低密度统计、杂散光和视线/激光偏移影响精度。", "twinRelevance": "提供Te/ne锚点；原始谱和标定脉冲必须与反演剖面共同保存。", "papers": [ { "title": "Thomson scattering diagnostics at the Globus-M2 tokamak", "authors": "N.S. Zhiltsov; G.S. Kurskiev; S.Yu. Tolstyakov; V.A. Solovey; A.N. Koval; E.E. Tkachenko; S.E. Aleksandrov; N.N. Bakharev; I.M. Balachenkov; A.N. Bazhenov; P.V. Chernakov; S.V. Filippov; et al. (36 authors)", "year": 2025, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2024.114753", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2024.114753", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Design advances of the Core Plasma Thomson Scattering diagnostic for ITER", "authors": "R. Scannell; M. Maslov; G. Naylor; T. O'Gorman; M. Kempenaars; M. Carr; P. Bilkova; P. Bohm; L. Giudicotti; R. Pasqualotto; M. Bassan; G. Vayakis; et al. (14 authors)", "year": 2017, "venue": "Journal of Instrumentation", "doi": "10.1088/1748-0221/12/11/c11010", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/11/c11010", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "装置TS拟合、自动质量控制和实时发布代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "General Atomics", "IPP CAS", "Ioffe Institute", "ITER Organization" ], "tags": [ "Thomson", "Te", "ne", "profile", "calibration" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG2-007", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-007", "primaryTask": "DG2", "relatedTasks": [ "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "LASER" ], "title": "LIDAR汤姆逊散射：JET长光程电子剖面", "titleEn": "LIDAR Thomson scattering on JET", "technique": "family: LASER；name: LIDAR汤姆逊散射 / LIDAR TS", "problem": "在大尺寸装置用飞行时间区分径向位置，减少分布式真空内接收光学。", "measurementPrinciple": "短激光脉冲的散射光返回时间编码位置，谱形/强度反演Te/ne。", "quantities": [ "electron temperature", "electron density", "radial profile" ], "region": [ "JET主等离子体直径" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "short-pulse laser", "large collection mirror", "fast spectral channels", "fast digitizers" ], "calibration": "以光学延迟、靶点和谱响应标定时间—空间映射；密度与独立线积分交叉。", "inference": "分时间窗反卷积探测器/激光响应，再拟合相对论汤姆逊谱。", "devices": [ { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "多年装置运行、硬件升级前后对比及与高分辨TS/ECE/干涉仪一致性评估。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "空间分辨受脉宽和探测响应限制；接收光学大，边缘细结构较弱。", "twinRelevance": "必须在孪生中保留点扩散函数，不能把反卷积值当独立局部点。", "papers": [ { "title": "The JET LIDAR Thomson scattering diagnostic", "authors": "JET LIDAR team", "year": 2013, "venue": "arXiv", "doi": null, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.3109", "sourceType": "preprint" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "JET LIDAR反卷积和运行分析代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "EUROfusion JET contributors", "UKAEA" ], "tags": [ "LIDAR", "JET", "time-of-flight", "electron-profile" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG2-008", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-008", "primaryTask": "DG2", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1", "DG10", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "LASER" ], "title": "多色干涉/偏振测量：ITER环向干涉偏振仪", "titleEn": "Multicolor interferometry and polarimetry: ITER TIP", "technique": "family: LASER；name: 干涉偏振测量 / interferometry-polarimetry", "problem": "提供高带宽线积分密度，并用法拉第旋转约束密度加权磁场。", "measurementPrinciple": "相位延迟给∫ne dl；法拉第旋转给∫ne B_parallel dl；多波长分离机械振动。", "quantities": [ "line-integrated electron density", "Faraday rotation" ], "region": [ "穿过核心的弦积分视线" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "FIR/CO2 lasers", "multiwavelength interferometer", "polarimeter", "retroreflectors", "phase detectors" ], "calibration": "标定真空相位、振动通道与偏振零点；用已知光程/旋转元件验证并与TS密度积分比对。", "inference": "多色相位组合、解缠和振动补偿；必要时进入联合层析/平衡反演。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "ITER 来源给出环向干涉/偏振系统设计，另一来源展示 Faraday 约束进入 EFIT 的装置数据方法；本记录不把方法验证外推为例行在线部署。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "线积分不可唯一给剖面；相位跳变、折射、窗双折射和视线偏移是主要风险。", "twinRelevance": "密度控制高带宽观测；孪生需输出原始相位、解缠状态和几何。", "papers": [ { "title": "Toroidal interferometer/polarimeter density measurement system on ITER", "authors": "T. Kondoh; A. E. Costley; T. Sugie; Y. Kawano; A. Malaquias; C. I. Walker", "year": 2004, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.1786640", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1786640", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Implementing Faraday effect measurement constraints into the Grad–Shafranov equilibrium fitting code EFIT", "authors": "T. E. Benedett; J. Chen; D. L. Brower; R. Yoneda; L. L. Lao; J. McClenaghan", "year": 2023, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0129892", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0129892", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "实时解缠、振动补偿和PCS接口受控。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "General Atomics", "IPP CAS", "KFE" ], "tags": [ "interferometry", "polarimetry", "density", "real-time" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG2-009", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-009", "primaryTask": "DG2", "relatedTasks": [ "DG6", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "MICROWAVE" ], "title": "电子回旋辐射：ECE温度剖面与事件监测", "titleEn": "Electron-cyclotron emission radiometry for temperature profiles and events", "technique": "family: MICROWAVE；name: 电子回旋辐射测量 / ECE", "problem": "连续快速测量电子温度剖面并识别锯齿、磁岛和热扰动。", "measurementPrinciple": "光学厚近热平衡条件下ECE亮温近似局部Te；频率由回旋共振与磁场映射到位置。", "quantities": [ "electron temperature", "temperature fluctuations", "sawtooth/island signatures" ], "region": [ "低场侧核心—边缘共振层" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "heterodyne radiometer", "waveguide", "blackbody calibration loads", "fast digitizers" ], "calibration": "冷热负载/黑体绝对标定；测波导和中频响应，用平衡确定频率—半径映射。", "inference": "功率解调后修正相对论展宽、光学厚度和视线卷积，并给非热/无效标志。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "本条直接来源是 ITER ECE 诊断设计与预期性能，覆盖合成谱、射线追踪和组件评估；未提供现役装置例行运行的独立来源。", "evidenceLevel": "E1", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "光学薄、非热电子、截止、相对论展宽和磁映射误差使亮温偏离Te。", "twinRelevance": "提供高带宽热状态；适用性和频率—空间映射不确定度必须显式输出。", "papers": [ { "title": "Electron cyclotron emission diagnostic for ITER", "authors": "W. Rowan; M. Austin; J. Beno; R. Ellis; R. Feder; A. Ouroua; A. Patel; P. Phillips", "year": 2010, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.3496978", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3496978", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "装置绝对标定库、射线追踪和实时事件算法未完整公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "General Atomics", "IPP CAS", "KFE" ], "tags": [ "ECE", "Te", "radiometry", "MHD" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG2-010", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-010", "primaryTask": "DG2", "relatedTasks": [ "DG6", "DG9", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "MICROWAVE" ], "title": "扫频/脉冲反射计：密度剖面和实时映射", "titleEn": "Swept-frequency and pulsed reflectometry for density profiles", "technique": "family: MICROWAVE；name: 微波反射计 / reflectometry", "problem": "非侵入重建边缘至核心密度剖面，并连续监测长脉冲边界变化。", "measurementPrinciple": "微波在等离子体截止层反射；相位或群时延随频率变化编码截止层位置。", "quantities": [ "electron-density profile", "cutoff position", "edge gradient" ], "region": [ "低场侧边缘—可达核心" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "swept-frequency source", "O/X antennas", "heterodyne receiver", "fast digitizer" ], "calibration": "标定真空延迟、波导色散和系统相位；用已知反射面并与TS/干涉仪比较。", "inference": "相位解缠、群时延积分或全波反演；实时采用预计算表或受约束剖面拟合。", "devices": [ { "name": "SPARC", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "WEST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "SPARC/MAST-U用合成诊断和硬件设计；WEST报告实时装置数据与其他密度诊断比对。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "多路径、湍流散射、密度空腔和相位跳变使反演非唯一。", "twinRelevance": "边缘孪生连续观测；应保存复信号、解缠路径和前向模型版本。", "papers": [ { "title": "Edge scanning reflectometry for density profile measurement on the SPARC tokamak", "authors": "Y. Lin; V. Nikolaeva; D. Hachmeister; E. Kowalski; M. L. Reinke", "year": 2024, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0219533", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219533", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Design of a low frequency, density profile reflectometer system for the MAST-U spherical tokamak", "authors": "T. L. Rhodes; W. A. Peebles; Lei Zeng; Valerian Hall-Chen; Kevin Ronald; S. Kubota; Yusong Meng; R. Lantsov; C. M. Michael; N. A. Crocker; R. Scannell", "year": 2024, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0219578", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219578", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Implementation of real-time reflectometry for electronic density profile reconstruction on the WEST tokamak", "authors": "Maylis Carrard; R Sabot; Y Moudden; F Clairet; C Jammes; C Bouchand; C Bottereau", "year": 2025, "venue": "Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1361-6587/ade62b", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ade62b", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "装置实时反演服务未作为可部署仓库发布。" } ], "organizations": [ "CFS", "MIT PSFC", "UKAEA", "CEA IRFM" ], "tags": [ "reflectometry", "ne-profile", "real-time", "WEST", "SPARC" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG3-011", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-011", "primaryTask": "DG3", "relatedTasks": [ "DG4", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "电荷交换复合谱：离子温度与转动", "titleEn": "Charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy for ion temperature and rotation", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 电荷交换复合光谱 / CXRS-CER", "problem": "测量局部Ti、环/极向流和杂质密度，支撑动量输运与径向电场分析。", "measurementPrinciple": "束中性与离子电荷交换后的谱线宽度、位移和绝对强度分别编码Ti、速度和密度。", "quantities": [ "ion temperature", "toroidal/poloidal rotation", "impurity density", "radial electric field" ], "region": [ "中性束路径的核心—边缘" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "neutral beam", "high-throughput spectrometers", "fiber views", "CCD", "wavelength lamps" ], "calibration": "标定波长、仪器函数和响应；束开/关分主动/被动光，原子数据版本受控。", "inference": "物理谱模型拟合后投影视线速度，并以力平衡推断Er。", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "HL-2A", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "HL-2A 与 DIII-D 装置常规 CXRS/CER 测量用标定灯、束调制、重复视线和晶体谱/能量约束交叉验证。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "束衰减、有限寿命、谱重叠、视线积分和原子速率是主要系统误差。", "twinRelevance": "提供离子热与动量状态；必须共存原始谱、束状态、原子数据和后验。", "papers": [ { "title": "Profile Measurement of Ion Temperature and Toroidal Rotation Velocity with Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy Diagnostics in the HL-2A Tokamak", "authors": "Jing Wu; Lieming Yao; Jianhua Zhu; Xiaoyu Han; Wenzhu Li", "year": 2012, "venue": "Plasma Science and Technology", "doi": "10.1088/1009-0630/14/11/02", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/14/11/02", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy measurements of DIII-D poloidal rotation with poloidal asymmetry in angular rotation", "authors": "C. Chrystal; S. R. Haskey; K. H. Burrell; B. A. Grierson; C. S. Collins", "year": 2021, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0043087", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043087", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "OpenADAS", "url": "https://open.adas.ac.uk", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "atomic-data-service", "access": "public/registration", "relation": "电荷交换与谱线原子数据，不是装置运行代码。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "生产谱拟合和几何库未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "SWIP", "General Atomics", "ADAS Project" ], "tags": [ "CXRS", "CER", "Ti", "rotation" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG3-012", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-012", "primaryTask": "DG3", "relatedTasks": [ "DG4", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "成像X射线晶体谱：二维离子温度、流速与杂质", "titleEn": "Imaging x-ray crystal spectroscopy for 2-D ion temperature and flow", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 成像X射线晶体谱 / XICS", "problem": "用高Z杂质线同时获取离子温度、流速和发射率，并层析极向结构。", "measurementPrinciple": "弯晶Bragg色散；谱宽、谱移和强度分别编码Ti、视线速度和发射率。", "quantities": [ "ion temperature", "line-of-sight velocity", "impurity emissivity", "2-D profiles" ], "region": [ "核心/内台基极向截面" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "bent crystals", "2-D x-ray detectors", "geometry fiducials", "thermal support" ], "calibration": "以已知X射线线、晶格常数、晶体温度和几何靶标标定波长/空间；测仪器展宽。", "inference": "谱线簇拟合后做正则化几何反演，联合原子物理和旋转对称性。", "devices": [ { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "SPARC", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "W7-X", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "EAST/KSTAR以装置谱和CXRS比对；SPARC以射线追踪、计数统计和合成谱评估。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "依赖杂质电荷态和光子数；线混叠、晶体热漂移、视线积分限制二维反演。", "twinRelevance": "连接离子热、流与杂质辐射；层析先验和晶体状态必须可追溯。", "papers": [ { "title": "Imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer on EAST", "authors": "Yuejiang Shi; Fudi Wang; Baonian Wan; Manfred Bitter; Sanggon Lee; Jungyo Bak; Kennith Hill; Jia Fu; Yingying Li; Wei Zhang; Ang Ti; Bili Ling", "year": 2010, "venue": "Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/0741-3335/52/8/085014", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/52/8/085014", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Inversion techniques to obtain local rotation velocity and ion temperature profiles for the x-ray crystal spectrometer on EAST", "authors": "Zichao LIN; Hongming ZHANG; Fudi WANG; Cheonho BAE; Jia FU; Yifei JIN; Di’an LU; Shengyu FU; Jiankang LI; Bo LYU", "year": 2023, "venue": "Plasma Science and Technology", "doi": "10.1088/2058-6272/acc503", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/acc503", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Performance predictions of the SPARC x-ray crystal spectrometers for ion temperature and toroidal rotation measurements", "authors": "C. Perks; D. Vezinet; J. E. Rice; M. L. Reinke", "year": 2024, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0219521", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219521", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "OpenADAS", "url": "https://open.adas.ac.uk", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "atomic-data-service", "access": "public", "relation": "谱线与激发/电离数据。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "晶体射线追踪和生产层析代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "IPP CAS", "KFE", "CFS", "PPPL" ], "tags": [ "XICS", "x-ray", "Ti", "flow", "tomography" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG3-013", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-013", "primaryTask": "DG3", "relatedTasks": [ "DG5", "DG9" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "中性粒子分析器：逃逸中性谱与离子分布", "titleEn": "Neutral-particle analysis of escaping neutrals and ion distributions", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；name: 中性粒子分析 / NPA", "problem": "从电荷交换逃逸中性约束离子能谱、燃料离子比例和快离子尾部。", "measurementPrinciple": "离子电荷交换后成为不受磁场约束的中性粒子；能量/质量分析器测其谱。", "quantities": [ "neutral energy spectrum", "ion distribution", "fuel ratio", "fast-ion tail" ], "region": [ "核心—边缘视线积分" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "electrostatic/magnetic analyzer", "diamond/scintillator detectors", "collimators", "flight path" ], "calibration": "用单能离子束/源标定能量、质量、效率和几何因子；评估背景。", "inference": "用响应矩阵反演能谱；定量分布需要中性密度、电荷交换截面和轨道前向模型。", "devices": [ { "name": "ST40", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "LHD", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "ST40给出装置谱；ITER样机以离子束和高通量台架验证。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "强依赖未知中性密度；视线积分、再电离、饱和及中子/伽马背景限制绝对反演。", "twinRelevance": "应以带响应矩阵的观测算子接入快离子孪生，不能把能谱直接等同局部分布。", "papers": [ { "title": "Neutral particle analyzer for plasma diagnostics on tokamak ST40", "authors": "S. Polosatkin; V. Belykh; A. Rovenskikh", "year": 2025, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0269580", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0269580", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Bench tests of a helium ion source for the neutral particle diagnostic system of the ITER tokamak", "authors": "A. D. Melnik; V. I. Afanasyev; V. I. Davydenko; A. V. Kolmogorov; M. I. Mironov; A. S. Navolotsky; V. G. Nesenevich; M. P. Petrov; S. Ya. Petrov; F. V. Chernyshev", "year": 2020, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0022149", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0022149", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "FIDASIM", "url": "https://github.com/D3DEnergetic/FIDASIM", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "open-source-fast-ion-diagnostic-forward-model", "access": "public", "relation": "NPA/FIDA合成观测与中性响应。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "硬件控制和生产反演未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "Tokamak Energy", "ITER Organization", "D3D Energetic" ], "tags": [ "NPA", "fast-ion", "fuel-ratio", "response" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG3-014", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-014", "primaryTask": "DG3", "relatedTasks": [ "DG5", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "主离子电荷交换谱：DIII-D氢同位素比例", "titleEn": "Main-ion charge-exchange spectroscopy for isotope fraction", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 主离子电荷交换谱 / MICER", "problem": "测量主离子Ti、流速及H/D比例，服务燃料控制和同位素输运。", "measurementPrinciple": "主动Hα/Dα谱的同位素移位、宽度和强度由束—主离子电荷交换及原子模型决定。", "quantities": [ "main-ion temperature", "main-ion rotation", "isotope fraction" ], "region": [ "中性束交叉视线" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "MICER spectrometer", "neutral beam", "high-resolution visible optics", "fast CCD" ], "calibration": "标定波长、仪器函数和相对响应；束调制分离被动背景。", "inference": "多同位素谱联合拟合，并用FIDASIM计算束组分、有限寿命和光子发射。", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET relevance", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER relevance", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "DIII-D通过改变注气/束组分扫描，并与其他燃料指标和合成谱比对。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "同位素线重叠、回收光和束组分不确定度导致模型依赖。", "twinRelevance": "为空间分辨燃料组成提供约束；原子数据和束状态必须可审计。", "papers": [ { "title": "Radially resolved active charge exchange measurements of the hydrogenic isotope fraction on DIII-D", "authors": "S. R. Haskey; L. Stagner; B. A. Grierson; C. Chrystal; G. H. DeGrandchamp; W. W. Heidbrink; M. A. Van Zeeland; S. Vincena", "year": 2021, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0043836", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043836", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Progress in modelling fast-ion D-alpha spectra and neutral particle analyzer fluxes using FIDASIM", "authors": "B. Geiger; L. Stagner; W.W. Heidbrink; R. Dux; R. Fischer; Y. Fujiwara; A.V. Garcia; A. S. Jacobsen; A. Jansen van Vuuren; A. N. Karpushov; D. Liu; P. A. Schneider; et al. (15 authors)", "year": 2020, "venue": "Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1361-6587/aba8d7", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aba8d7", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "FIDASIM", "url": "https://github.com/D3DEnergetic/FIDASIM", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "open-source-diagnostic-forward-model", "access": "public", "relation": "MICER/CER合成谱。" }, { "name": "OpenADAS", "url": "https://open.adas.ac.uk", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "atomic-data-service", "access": "public", "relation": "原子速率。" } ], "organizations": [ "General Atomics", "ORNL", "D3D Energetic" ], "tags": [ "MICER", "isotope", "fueling", "DIII-D" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG3-015", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-015", "primaryTask": "DG3", "relatedTasks": [ "DG4", "DG5", "DG9" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "ITER诊断中性束与氦灰CXRS", "titleEn": "ITER diagnostic neutral beam and helium-ash CXRS", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 诊断中性束CXRS / DNB-CXRS", "problem": "在燃烧等离子体测氦灰、杂质、Ti和转动。", "measurementPrinciple": "专用中性束提供可控电荷交换靶；He/杂质复合谱结合束衰减和原子速率给密度。", "quantities": [ "helium-ash density", "impurity density", "ion temperature", "rotation" ], "region": [ "ITER核心束路径" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "diagnostic neutral beam", "CXRS optics", "high-etendue spectrometers", "beam-emission monitor" ], "calibration": "标定束能量/组分、视线几何和绝对光谱响应；束发射监控衰减。", "inference": "分离主动/被动谱，联合束传播、halo中性、有限寿命和原子数据前向模型。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D/JET method heritage", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "以束源试验、光学吞吐和合成信号评估；现役装置验证方法，但ITER氦灰闭环尚无运行证据。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "氦线弱、被动背景强；束衰减、辐照退化和端口可达性是风险。", "twinRelevance": "将诊断束建模为带健康状态的执行器—传感器，是燃烧颗粒孪生关键。", "papers": [ { "title": "Status of the R&D activities to the design of an ITER core CXRS diagnostic system", "authors": "Philippe Mertens; David A. Castaño Bardawil; Tétény Baross; Wolfgang Biel; Sebastian Friese; Nick Hawkes; Roger J.E. Jaspers; Vladislav Kotov; Yury Krasikov; Andreas Krimmer; Andrey Litnovsky; Oleksander Marchuk; et al. (18 authors)", "year": 2015, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.05.039", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.05.039", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Conceptual design and integration of a diagnostic neutral beam in ITER", "authors": "E Di Pietro; A Costley; T Inoue; A Krylov; A Panasenkov; Y Utin; G Vayakis; M Von Hellerman; M Yamada", "year": 2001, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/s0920-3796(01)00423-9", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(01)00423-9", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Testing neutral beam diagnostics", "authors": "ITER Organization", "year": 2023, "venue": "ITER official website", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.iter.org/node/20687/testing-neutral-beam-diagnostics", "sourceType": "official-facility-page" } ], "code": [ { "name": "FIDASIM", "url": "https://github.com/D3DEnergetic/FIDASIM", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "open-source-neutral-beam-forward-model", "access": "public", "relation": "束传播与CXRS合成信号；非ITER控制软件。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "ITER DNB控制/CXRS反演未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "QST", "Consorzio RFX" ], "tags": [ "ITER", "DNB", "helium-ash", "CXRS" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG4-016", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-016", "primaryTask": "DG4", "relatedTasks": [ "DG9", "DG10", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR" ], "title": "测辐射热计：总辐射功率与功率平衡", "titleEn": "Bolometry for total radiated power and power balance", "technique": "family: ENGINEERING_SENSOR；name: 测辐射热计 / bolometry", "problem": "宽带测量总辐射与二维发射率，支撑功率平衡和辐射塌缩预警。", "measurementPrinciple": "吸收膜把光功率转为温升；电阻桥或红外读出经热模型反卷积为视线积分功率。", "quantities": [ "line-integrated radiation", "total radiated power", "2-D emissivity" ], "region": [ "全极向截面", "核心/偏滤器多弦" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "resistive bolometers", "metal-foil IR bolometers", "collimators", "bridge electronics", "calibration heaters" ], "calibration": "电加热/光源标定吸收率、热容、热导和时间常数；辐照后复核灵敏度。", "inference": "热反卷积后做Abel/正则化层析；总功率积分传播视线盲区与协方差。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "直接来源覆盖 ITER 测辐射热计性能估计、跨聚变实验的测量性能评估方法及 ITER 功率平衡需求；未证明该具体链条已例行在线部署。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "响应较慢；吸收膜老化、辐照漂移、漏电和有限视线限制局部尖峰恢复。", "twinRelevance": "电厂功率孪生核心；需版本化热模型、层析先验和通道健康。", "papers": [ { "title": "Performance estimations for the ITER bolometer diagnostic", "authors": "H. Meister; F. Penzel; Z. Szabo-Balint; R. Reichle; L.C. Ingesson", "year": 2019, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.146", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.146", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Generic approach to assess the measuring performance of total-radiated power quantities by multi-channel resistive bolometer diagnostics on fusion experiments", "authors": "L. C. Ingesson; A. Doblas; A. Gandhi; S. Jahanbakhsh; H. Meister", "year": 2024, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0177114", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0177114", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Diagnostics: maintaining the power balance", "authors": "ITER Organization", "year": 2024, "venue": "ITER official website", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.iter.org/node/20687/diagnostics-maintaining-power-balance", "sourceType": "official-facility-page" } ], "code": [ { "name": "Cherab", "url": "https://www.cherab.info", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "open-source-radiation-forward-model", "access": "public", "relation": "视线/辐射合成观测。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "实时层析和健康管理代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "FZ Jülich", "EUROfusion", "IPP CAS" ], "tags": [ "bolometer", "radiation", "power-balance", "tomography" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG4-017", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-017", "primaryTask": "DG4", "relatedTasks": [ "DG6", "DG10", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "软X射线阵列与快速层析", "titleEn": "Soft-x-ray arrays and fast tomography", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 软X射线阵列 / SXR", "problem": "高时间分辨监测核心杂质辐射、锯齿和磁岛，并重建二维发射率。", "measurementPrinciple": "滤膜后的半导体二极管测视线积分SXR；多视角阵列经层析反演。", "quantities": [ "SXR brightness", "2-D emissivity", "sawtooth radius", "MHD structure" ], "region": [ "核心极向截面" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "silicon photodiodes", "foil filters", "pinhole arrays", "fast ADCs" ], "calibration": "以X射线源/同步辐射或响应模型标定；测滤膜、几何、暗电流并逐炮检查饱和。", "inference": "最小Fisher/SVD/Gaussian-process层析；多弦相位/幅值用于模态拟合。", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "SPARC", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "RTP演示实时层析；AUG用合成数据和交叉验证；SPARC做响应/计数设计。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "亮度卷积Te、ne和杂质；滤膜老化、视线积分和几何误差影响层析。", "twinRelevance": "提供核心辐射/MHD高带宽状态，但需保留响应函数并避免单物理量误读。", "papers": [ { "title": "Soft x-ray tomography diagnostic at the RTP tokamak", "authors": "D. F. da Cruz; A. J. H. Donné", "year": 1994, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.1144680", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1144680", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Deep learning for Gaussian process soft x-ray tomography model selection in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak", "authors": "F. Matos; J. Svensson; A. Pavone; T. Odstrčil; F. Jenko", "year": 2020, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0020680", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0020680", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "SPARC x-ray diagnostics: Technical and functional overview", "authors": "D. Vezinet; C. J. Perks; E. Panontin; S. Normile; R. A. Tinguely; J. Rice; M. Reinke; M. Cario; J. Raimond; A. Hoffmann; E. Dubas; A. Saltos; et al. (13 authors)", "year": 2024, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0219486", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219486", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "Cherab", "url": "https://www.cherab.info", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "open-source-forward-model", "access": "public", "relation": "几何与发射合成；SXR响应需扩展。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "实时生产层析/MHD代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "General Atomics", "IPP Garching", "CFS", "IPP CAS" ], "tags": [ "SXR", "tomography", "MHD", "real-time" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG4-018", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-018", "primaryTask": "DG4", "relatedTasks": [ "DG3", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "真空紫外杂质谱：电荷态与杂质输运", "titleEn": "Vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy for impurity charge states and transport", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 真空紫外光谱 / VUV", "problem": "识别杂质元素/电荷态及输运时标，约束稀释和辐射损失。", "measurementPrinciple": "光栅光谱仪测VUV/EUV特征线；线强由电荷态密度、电子参数和碰撞辐射系数决定。", "quantities": [ "impurity species", "charge-state brightness", "transport time" ], "region": [ "核心/边缘视线积分" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "grazing-incidence spectrometers", "VUV gratings", "MCP/CCD" ], "calibration": "用标准灯/同步辐射或已知线标定波长/响应；跟踪光栅污染和增益。", "inference": "谱线识别/拟合后用ADAS系数推断发射；输运解释需前向模型。", "devices": [ { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "ITER原型在KSTAR以杂质注入和已知谱线验证覆盖与灵敏度。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "线混叠、原子数据、视线积分、污染和非平衡电离使密度反演不唯一。", "twinRelevance": "为杂质孪生提供元素标签；原子库版本和识别置信度必须记录。", "papers": [ { "title": "Test of prototype ITER vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer and its application to impurity study in KSTAR plasmas", "authors": "C. R. Seon; J. H. Hong; J. Jang; S. H. Lee; W. Choe; H. H. Lee; M. S. Cheon; S. Pak; H. G. Lee; W. Biel; R. Barnsley", "year": 2014, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.4886430", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4886430", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "VUV spectroscopy in impurity injection experiments at KSTAR using prototype ITER VUV spectrometer", "authors": "C. R. Seon; J. H. Hong; I. Song; J. Jang; H. Y. Lee; Y. H. An; B. S. Kim; T. M. Jeon; J. S. Park; W. Choe; H. G. Lee; S. Pak; et al. (18 authors)", "year": 2017, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.4998970", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4998970", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "OpenADAS", "url": "https://open.adas.ac.uk", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "atomic-data-service", "access": "public", "relation": "VUV谱线/PEC/电离平衡。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "自动识别和仪器响应库未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "KFE", "NIFS", "ADAS Project" ], "tags": [ "VUV", "impurity", "charge-state", "KSTAR" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG4-019", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-019", "primaryTask": "DG4", "relatedTasks": [ "DG3", "DG7", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "可见光杂质/燃料谱：Zeff、流入与回收", "titleEn": "Visible spectroscopy for Zeff, impurity influx and recycling", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 可见光谱 / visible spectroscopy", "problem": "监测H同位素、低电荷杂质、Zeff代理、壁源与偏滤器回收。", "measurementPrinciple": "测Dα/Hα、杂质线和连续谱；线强结合PEC/SXB给粒子源，轫致连续谱约束Zeff。", "quantities": [ "line brightness", "impurity influx", "recycling flux", "Zeff", "isotope ratio" ], "region": [ "主腔边缘", "偏滤器/PFC" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "survey spectrometers", "filtered cameras", "fiber bundles", "calibration lamps" ], "calibration": "用波长灯、积分球/标准源标定绝对响应；跟踪光纤/窗口透过率。", "inference": "多峰拟合分离线/连续谱，用ADAS换算；Zeff需Te/ne与几何约束。", "devices": [ { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "JET 金属壁装置常规运行把可见谱线与材料变化、辐射/粒子诊断交叉。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "视线积分、反射光、非平衡激发、污染和原子系数限制绝对粒子源。", "twinRelevance": "把壁—等离子体交换纳入孪生；绝对辐亮度和表面反射模型须可追溯。", "papers": [ { "title": "A new visible spectroscopy diagnostic for the JET ITER-like wall main chamber", "authors": "C. F. Maggi; S. Brezinsek; M. F. Stamp; S. Griph; P. Heesterman; C. Hogben; A. Horton; A. Meigs; C. Morlock; W. Studholme; K.-D. Zastrow", "year": 2012, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.4733734", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4733734", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Spectroscopic Diagnostics for ITER", "authors": "Tatsuo SUGIE; Alan COSTLEY; Artur MALAQUIAS; Chris WALKER", "year": 2003, "venue": "Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research", "doi": "10.1585/jspf.79.1051", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1585/jspf.79.1051", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "OpenADAS", "url": "https://open.adas.ac.uk", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "atomic-data-service", "access": "public", "relation": "S/XB、PEC和连续谱系数。" }, { "name": "Cherab", "url": "https://www.cherab.info", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "open-source-spectroscopy-forward-model", "access": "public", "relation": "几何/发射/壁反射合成。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "生产线拟合/Zeff代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "EUROfusion JET", "ITER Organization", "ADAS Project" ], "tags": [ "visible", "Zeff", "impurity-influx", "recycling" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG4-020", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-020", "primaryTask": "DG5", "relatedTasks": [ "DG4", "DG6", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "硬X射线：逃逸电子制动辐射监测", "titleEn": "Hard-x-ray monitoring of runaway-electron bremsstrahlung", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；name: 硬X射线监测 / HXR", "problem": "探测逃逸电子产生、能谱和壁撞击，为破裂缓解与损伤评估提供证据。", "measurementPrinciple": "相对论电子在离子/材料中制动产生HXR；闪烁体或半导体记录能谱和方向。", "quantities": [ "HXR spectrum", "runaway onset", "loss-location proxy" ], "region": [ "全装置视线", "壁撞击区" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "scintillators", "CdTe/CZT/diamond", "collimators", "pulse-height electronics", "shielding" ], "calibration": "用放射源/加速器标定能量、效率、死时间和饱和；测中子/伽马本底。", "inference": "脉冲高度去堆积/死时间修正，再用响应矩阵和制动前向模型约束电子分布。", "devices": [ { "name": "J-TEXT", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "HL-2M", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "SPARC", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "J-TEXT以放电事件和磁扰动/壁损失相关性验证；SPARC/ITER用蒙特卡洛响应设计。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "计数堆积、方向响应和中子/伽马串扰显著；电子相空间反演非唯一。", "twinRelevance": "应作为高能风险事件证据，并与破裂、磁扰动和PFC热响应联动。", "papers": [ { "title": "Hard X-ray spatial array diagnostics on Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak", "authors": "D. W. Huang; Z. Y. Chen; Y. H. Luo; R. H. Tong; W. Yan; W. Jin; G. Zhuang", "year": 2014, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.4891709", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4891709", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Investigation of Light Transmission Efficiency in ITER Hard X-Ray Monitor", "authors": "Shin KAJITA; Santosh P. PANDYA; Richard O'CONNOR; Robin BARNSLEY; Huxford ROGER", "year": 2021, "venue": "Plasma and Fusion Research", "doi": "10.1585/pfr.16.1302106", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.16.1302106", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "Geant4", "url": "https://geant4.web.cern.ch", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "open-source-particle-transport", "access": "public", "relation": "探测器响应/屏蔽/背景模型。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "在线事件逻辑和反演未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "HUST", "SWIP", "CFS", "ITER Organization" ], "tags": [ "HXR", "runaway", "disruption", "risk" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG5-021", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-021", "primaryTask": "DG5", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "微裂变室与中子通量监测：聚变功率基准", "titleEn": "Micro-fission chambers and neutron-flux monitors for fusion power", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；name: 裂变室中子监测 / MFC-NFM", "problem": "宽动态范围测总中子率和聚变功率，支撑燃烧控制与核计量。", "measurementPrinciple": "中子在裂变层产生带电碎片；电离室脉冲/电流经响应模型映射为源强。", "quantities": [ "total neutron rate", "fusion power", "fluence" ], "region": [ "容器内外固定位置" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "micro-fission chambers", "neutron flux monitors", "ionization electronics", "shielding" ], "calibration": "用标定中子源/反应堆测效率，通过中子学模型传递到等离子体源；校准脉冲/电流模式重叠。", "inference": "修正死时间/本底，结合响应矩阵估计源强，多探测器修正源分布变化。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "两条直接来源均为 ITER 中子通量监视器的中子学分析、测量性能和在位标定规划；没有提供 ITER 真机运行或例行在线证据。", "evidenceLevel": "E1", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "响应依赖源分布/能谱/屏蔽；燃耗、辐照与高计数饱和需全寿命管理。", "twinRelevance": "燃烧功率计量锚点；响应矩阵、燃耗和标定溯源应进入资产孪生。", "papers": [ { "title": "Neutron Transport Analysis of the Processes Affecting the in situ Calibration of ITER In-Vessel Neutron Flux Monitors Equipped with a Micro-Fission Chamber System", "authors": "Masao ISHIKAWA; Takashi KONDOH; Keigo TAKEDA; Kiyoshi ITAMI", "year": 2016, "venue": "Plasma and Fusion Research", "doi": "10.1585/pfr.11.1402118", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.11.1402118", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Neutronic analysis and measurement performance assessment of ITER neutron flux monitor system", "authors": "Zuowei Wen; Guoliang Yuan; Yong Li; Qingwei Yang; Jun Li; Li Zhao; Lingfeng Wei; Jinwen Zhang", "year": 2023, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113364", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113364", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "MCNP", "url": "https://mcnp.lanl.gov", "status": "controlled-access", "artifactType": "radiation-transport-code", "access": "licensed/export-controlled", "relation": "响应/屏蔽/标定传递。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "在线计量数据库与控制接口未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "QST", "LANL", "EUROfusion JET" ], "tags": [ "neutron", "fission-chamber", "fusion-power", "metrology" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG5-022", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-022", "primaryTask": "DG5", "relatedTasks": [ "DG9", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "径向中子相机：聚变反应率剖面", "titleEn": "Radial neutron camera for fusion-reaction-rate profiles", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；name: 中子相机 / neutron camera", "problem": "空间分辨聚变中子发射，约束反应率剖面、燃料分布和快离子行为。", "measurementPrinciple": "屏蔽准直孔定义多条弦；探测器计数经中子输运响应和层析反演得到发射率。", "quantities": [ "line-integrated neutron brightness", "emissivity profile", "source asymmetry" ], "region": [ "极向截面多弦", "赤道/垂直端口" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "collimators", "scintillators/fission chambers", "fast electronics", "massive shielding" ], "calibration": "用中子源做绝对效率/串扰标定，并以MCNP建立每弦响应；现场校准验证安装偏差。", "inference": "死时间/散射本底修正后做正则层析或参数化源拟合，传播响应矩阵误差。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "ITER RNC做详细中子学、原型和现场校准设计；JET中子相机与总中子率/谱仪交叉。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "厚屏蔽、散射串扰和有限弦使层析分辨有限；响应对材料配置敏感。", "twinRelevance": "把总聚变功率扩展为空间状态；几何/屏蔽变更必须触发响应矩阵重算。", "papers": [ { "title": "The ITER radial neutron camera in-port system: Nuclear analyses in support of its design development", "authors": "Fabio Moro; Basilio Esposito; Daniele Marocco; Salvatore Podda; Fulvio Pompili; Marco Riva; Davide Flammini; Andrea Colangeli; Ryszard Kantor", "year": 2019, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.12.028", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.12.028", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Strategy and guidelines for the calibration of the ITER Radial Neutron Camera", "authors": "M. Cecconello; R. Miklaszewski; D. Marocco; S. Conroy; F. Moro; B. Esposito; S. Podda; B. Bienkowska; A. Szydlowski", "year": 2019, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.099", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.099", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "MCNP", "url": "https://mcnp.lanl.gov", "status": "controlled-access", "artifactType": "radiation-transport-code", "access": "licensed/export-controlled", "relation": "相机响应和散射串扰。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "RNC生产层析代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "ENEA", "EUROfusion JET" ], "tags": [ "neutron-camera", "tomography", "fusion-rate", "ITER" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG5-023", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-023", "primaryTask": "DG5", "relatedTasks": [ "DG3", "DG9" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "高分辨中子能谱：燃料离子与快离子", "titleEn": "High-resolution neutron spectroscopy for fuel ions and fast ions", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；name: 中子能谱 / neutron spectroscopy", "problem": "由中子能谱宽度/形状诊断离子温度、D/T比例和快离子反应通道。", "measurementPrinciple": "飞行时间、反冲质子或磁质子反冲谱仪测中子能量；多普勒展宽和非热尾部连接反应离子分布。", "quantities": [ "neutron energy spectrum", "ion temperature", "fuel ratio", "fast-ion contribution" ], "region": [ "全等离子体积分或准直视线" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "TOFOR", "magnetic proton recoil spectrometer", "thin-foil proton recoil telescope", "fast timing detectors" ], "calibration": "用单能/已知谱中子源标定能量、效率与响应；装置上与总中子率和活化诊断核对。", "inference": "响应矩阵反卷积和核反应谱模型拟合，分解热/非热组分并给后验。", "devices": [ { "name": "JET TOFOR/MPR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER HRNS", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "JET 在线中子谱系统以 D-D/D-T 装置放电和独立 Ti/CXRS 验证；ITER HRNS原型以束线/模拟评估。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "低计数统计、散射背景和响应反卷积限制时间分辨；快离子解释依赖反应模型。", "twinRelevance": "为燃烧与快离子孪生提供能量维度；必须保存响应矩阵和核数据版本。", "papers": [ { "title": "New method for time alignment and time calibration of the TOFOR time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET", "authors": "B. Eriksson; S. Conroy; G. Ericsson; J. Eriksson; L. Giacomelli; A. Hjalmarsson; M. Weiszflog", "year": 2021, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0041126", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0041126", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Gain stabilization control system of the upgraded magnetic proton recoil neutron spectrometer at JET", "authors": "Henrik Sjöstrand; E. Andersson Sundén; S. Conroy; G. Ericsson; M. Gatu Johnson; L. Giacomelli; G. Gorini; C. Hellesen; A. Hjalmarsson; S. Popovichev; E. Ronchi; M. Tardocchi; et al. (13 authors)", "year": 2009, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.3109682", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3109682", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Development and performance of the thin-foil proton recoil spectrometer for ITER plasma diagnostics", "authors": "J. Dankowski; J. Bielecki; J. Błądek; S. Conroy; B. Coriton; G. Croci; D. Dworaka; G. Ericsson; J. Eriksson; A. Wójcik-Gargula; A. Hjalmarsson; A. Jardin; et al. (27 authors)", "year": 2025, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115263", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115263", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "JET/ITER谱反卷积和核数据配置未作为完整仓库公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "EUROfusion JET", "Uppsala University", "ITER Organization" ], "tags": [ "neutron-spectroscopy", "TOFOR", "MPR", "HRNS", "fast-ion" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG5-024", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-024", "primaryTask": "DG5", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "中子活化系统：积分聚变中子产额与绝对校核", "titleEn": "Neutron activation system for integral yield and absolute cross-check", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；name: 中子活化 / neutron activation", "problem": "给出独立、时间积分的中子产额和能谱阈值信息，校核实时中子监测。", "measurementPrinciple": "选定箔片发生阈值/俘获反应；照射后用伽马谱测活度，结合截面、衰变和输运求通量。", "quantities": [ "shot-integrated neutron yield", "fluence", "spectral-index ratios" ], "region": [ "气动传输照射位置", "容器外计数站" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "activation foils", "pneumatic transfer", "HPGe gamma spectrometer", "dosimetry standards" ], "calibration": "箔质量/成分和HPGe效率溯源；用标准源校准伽马能量/效率并采用评价核数据。", "inference": "活度峰拟合、衰变修正和响应折叠；多箔阈值比提供粗能谱约束。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER design", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "JET等以裂变室和总中子率交叉；ITER通过系统设计、核数据和输运不确定度预算。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "不是实时诊断；转运时间、箔位置、核截面和屏蔽模型决定误差。", "twinRelevance": "提供独立计量闭环和长期漂移审计，适合做数字孪生定期真值检查。", "papers": [ { "title": "ITER neutron activation system technical specification", "authors": "Fusion for Energy", "year": 2020, "venue": "Official procurement technical specification", "doi": null, "url": "https://fusionforenergy.europa.eu/downloads/procurements/itercalls/524/2.%20Technical_Spec_V9Z8DG_v1_3.pdf", "sourceType": "official-technical-document" } ], "code": [ { "name": "MCNP", "url": "https://mcnp.lanl.gov", "status": "controlled-access", "artifactType": "radiation-transport-code", "access": "licensed/export-controlled", "relation": "活化位置响应与谱折叠。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "气动控制和活度分析生产代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "Fusion for Energy", "ITER Organization", "EUROfusion JET" ], "tags": [ "activation", "neutron-yield", "absolute-calibration", "dosimetry" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG5-025", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-025", "primaryTask": "DG5", "relatedTasks": [ "DG3", "DG9" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "伽马射线能谱：快离子核反应与逃逸电子", "titleEn": "Gamma-ray spectroscopy for fast-ion nuclear reactions", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；name: 伽马射线能谱 / gamma spectroscopy", "problem": "利用特征核伽马线诊断高能离子反应、快离子分布和燃料反应通道。", "measurementPrinciple": "快离子与杂质/燃料发生核反应产生特征伽马；能量和多普勒展宽编码反应与离子运动。", "quantities": [ "gamma spectrum", "fast-ion reaction rate", "energetic-ion distribution proxy" ], "region": [ "准直核心视线", "全装置背景" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "LaBr3/BGO/HPGe detectors", "collimators", "pulse-height electronics", "neutron shielding" ], "calibration": "标准伽马源校准能量/效率/非线性；以蒙特卡洛评估中子诱发背景和屏蔽。", "inference": "死时间/堆积修正，峰形和核反应前向模型拟合；与中子谱/FIDA联合约束。", "devices": [ { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER relevance", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "JET 装置常规伽马谱测量在 ICRH/NBI 和 D-T 场景中与已知反应、快离子诊断及总中子率交叉。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "中子背景、峰重叠、低效率和核截面误差限制时间/空间分辨。", "twinRelevance": "为快离子孪生增加核反应特异性，但必须带探测器响应与背景模型。", "papers": [ { "title": "Definition of the radiation fields for the JET gamma-ray spectrometer diagnostics", "authors": "Vasile Zoita; Sorin Soare; Teddy Craciunescu; Marian Curuia; Vasily Kiptily; Nick Balshaw; Patrick Blanchard; David Croft; Andrea Murari; Brian Syme", "year": 2013, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.01.083", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.01.083", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "Geant4", "url": "https://geant4.web.cern.ch", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "particle-transport-toolkit", "access": "public", "relation": "探测器效率、屏蔽和背景响应。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "JET峰拟合/核反应反演未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "EUROfusion JET", "ENEA", "ITER Organization" ], "tags": [ "gamma", "fast-ion", "nuclear-reaction", "JET" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG5-026", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-026", "primaryTask": "DG5", "relatedTasks": [ "DG3", "DG9", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "FIDA与成像FIDA：快离子相空间", "titleEn": "FIDA and imaging FIDA for fast-ion phase space", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 快离子D-alpha光谱 / FIDA-IFIDA", "problem": "测量中性束快离子分布、再分布和损失前兆。", "measurementPrinciple": "快离子电荷交换后发射多普勒位移Dα；波长/视线选择采样速度空间，成像系统增加二维空间。", "quantities": [ "fast-ion spectral radiance", "phase-space projections", "redistribution" ], "region": [ "中性束交叉核心—边缘" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "neutral beam", "high-throughput spectrometers", "filtered cameras", "fiber views" ], "calibration": "绝对/相对辐亮度、波长、视线和仪器函数标定；束调制分离主动光并测背景。", "inference": "FIDASIM联合束、原子和轨道模型生成权函数；谱拟合或正则反演快离子分布。", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "LHD", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "装置上与中子率、NPA、FILD及MHD事件交叉；合成信号闭环验证权函数。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "束发射/被动Dα/杂质重叠；中性密度、halo和相空间稀疏采样造成模型依赖。", "twinRelevance": "是快离子孪生的核心局部观测；将权函数、束状态和背景后验纳入数据产品。", "papers": [ { "title": "A new fast-ion Dα diagnostic for DIII-D", "authors": "W. W. Heidbrink; Y. Luo; C. M. Muscatello; Y. Zhu; K. H. Burrell", "year": 2008, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.2956828", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2956828", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "The imaging fast ion D-alpha diagnostic (IFIDA) on DIII-D", "authors": "C. Marini; C. S. Collins; M. A. Van Zeeland; K. E. Thome; W. W. Heidbrink; D. Lin", "year": 2021, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0041652", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0041652", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Dual view FIDA measurements on MAST", "authors": "C A Michael; N Conway; B Crowley; O Jones; W W Heidbrink; S Pinches; E Braeken; R Akers; C Challis; M Turnyanskiy; A Patel; D Muir; et al. (14 authors)", "year": 2013, "venue": "Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/0741-3335/55/9/095007", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/55/9/095007", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "FIDASIM", "url": "https://github.com/D3DEnergetic/FIDASIM", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "open-source-FIDA-forward-model", "access": "public", "relation": "束、原子、权函数和合成FIDA谱。" } ], "organizations": [ "General Atomics", "ORNL", "UKAEA", "D3D Energetic" ], "tags": [ "FIDA", "IFIDA", "fast-ion", "phase-space" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG5-027", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-027", "primaryTask": "DG5", "relatedTasks": [ "DG6", "DG9" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "MICROWAVE" ], "title": "集体汤姆逊散射：快离子与离子回旋特征", "titleEn": "Collective Thomson scattering for fast ions", "technique": "family: MICROWAVE；name: 集体汤姆逊散射 / CTS", "problem": "非侵入测量快离子速度分布和离子回旋结构。", "measurementPrinciple": "毫米波在等离子体集体涨落上散射；频移谱由离子速度分布和介电响应决定。", "quantities": [ "fast-ion velocity projection", "ion feature spectrum", "bulk-ion parameters" ], "region": [ "毫米波束交叉散射体积" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "gyrotron/probe source", "receiver heterodyne channels", "quasi-optical mirrors", "notch filters" ], "calibration": "热/冷负载标定接收功率与频率；测杂散探测束、传输和散射几何。", "inference": "扣除ECE/杂散背景后用介电响应模型拟合；合成诊断给速度空间权函数。", "devices": [ { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER design", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "W7-X", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "AUG在装置上测背景/快离子谱；ITER以准光设计和合成性能评估。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "强杂散探测功率和ECE背景；折射、散射几何与模型误差限制反演。", "twinRelevance": "为快离子孪生提供独立微波投影；需记录源频率、几何和背景分解。", "papers": [ { "title": "Collective Thomson scattering capabilities to diagnose fusion plasmas", "authors": "S.B. Korsholm; H. Bindslev; V. Furtula; F. Leipold; F. Meo; P.K. Michelsen; D. Moseev; S.K. Nielsen; M. Salewski; M. Stejner", "year": 2010, "venue": "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment", "doi": "10.1016/j.nima.2010.05.003", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.05.003", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Fast Ion Collective Thomson Scattering Diagnostic for ITER: Design Elements", "authors": "E. Tsakadze; H. Bindslev; S. B. Korsholm; A. W. Larsen; F. Meo; P. K. Michelsen; S. Michelsen; A. H. Nielsen; S. Nimb; B. Lauritzen; E. Nonbøl; N. Dubois", "year": 2008, "venue": "Fusion Science and Technology", "doi": "10.13182/fst08-a1654", "url": "https://doi.org/10.13182/fst08-a1654", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Robust monitoring of thermal and fast ions using collective Thomson scattering: Combining physics- and data-driven background estimation", "authors": "T. Verdier; J. Rasmussen; J. Stober; S. K. Nielsen", "year": 2025, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0238948", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0238948", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "CTS谱拟合、准光配置和运行代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "DTU", "IPP Garching", "ITER Organization" ], "tags": [ "CTS", "fast-ion", "microwave", "velocity-space" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG5-028", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-028", "primaryTask": "DG5", "relatedTasks": [ "DG6", "DG7" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "快离子损失探测器：轨道损失与MHD再分布", "titleEn": "Fast-ion loss detectors for orbit losses and MHD redistribution", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；name: 闪烁快离子损失探测 / FILD", "problem": "测量到达壁附近的快离子损失、回旋半径和俯仰角，评估PFC载荷。", "measurementPrinciple": "磁狭缝按回旋轨道选择入射离子；闪烁屏位置映射回旋半径/俯仰角，光学读出时间演化。", "quantities": [ "loss flux", "gyroradius", "pitch angle", "loss timing" ], "region": [ "低场侧壁/偏滤器附近" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "collimator/slits", "scintillator screen", "fast camera", "photomultiplier", "retractable head" ], "calibration": "用离子束/几何测量标定映射与效率；磁场/轨道模型验证探头接受度。", "inference": "图像去背景后转为相空间损失图；轨道追踪关联源区和MHD。", "devices": [ { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "以可控NBI轨道损失、探头位置扫描和MHD同步事件验证；AUG有自适应探头装置运行。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "只采样局部壁位置；探头受热/中子载荷，闪烁退化且绝对通量困难。", "twinRelevance": "把快离子相空间与PFC局部风险连接；需把探头几何、磁场和退化状态纳入孪生。", "papers": [ { "title": "Self-adaptive diagnostic of radial fast-ion loss measurements on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak (invited)", "authors": "J. Gonzalez-Martin; M. Garcia-Munoz; B. Sieglin; A. Herrmann; T. Lunt; J. Ayllon-Guerola; J. Galdon-Quiroga; J. Hidalgo-Salaverri; A. Kovacsik; J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez; L. Sanchis; D. Silvagni; et al. (14 authors)", "year": 2021, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0043756", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043756", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "FILD图像映射、轨道数据库与在线事件代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "IPP Garching", "General Atomics", "University of Seville" ], "tags": [ "FILD", "fast-ion-loss", "orbit", "PFC" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG6-029", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-029", "primaryTask": "DG6", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "MAGNETIC" ], "title": "Mirnov线圈阵列：MHD模态与锁模", "titleEn": "Mirnov-coil arrays for MHD modes and locked modes", "technique": "family: MAGNETIC；name: Mirnov磁扰动阵列 / Mirnov arrays", "problem": "高时间分辨识别撕裂模、鱼骨、ELM、锁模和模态数。", "measurementPrinciple": "小型拾取线圈测dB/dt；极向/环向阵列的相位与幅值给m/n及旋转频率。", "quantities": [ "magnetic fluctuation", "mode frequency", "m/n numbers", "mode amplitude" ], "region": [ "真空室壁周向阵列" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "Mirnov coils", "saddle loops", "integrators", "fast digitizers" ], "calibration": "已知线圈/磁场注入标定幅相和通道延迟；测几何、频响和串扰。", "inference": "积分/带通/时频分析后以阵列相位拟合m/n；锁模用低频非轴对称场。", "devices": [ { "name": "J-TEXT", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "装置上用阵列冗余、合成模态注入及与SXR/ECEI事件交叉。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "壁屏蔽、涡流和有限阵列导致模态混叠；局部线圈不直接给内部径向位置。", "twinRelevance": "是MHD事件孪生的高带宽触发层；需保留复幅值、频响和模态置信度。", "papers": [ { "title": "A high resolution Mirnov array for the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak", "authors": "M. J. Hole; L. C. Appel; R. Martin", "year": 2009, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.3272713", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3272713", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Upgrade of the Mirnov probe arrays on the J-TEXT tokamak", "authors": "Daojing Guo; Qiming Hu; Da Li; Chengshuo Shen; Nengchao Wang; Zhuo Huang; Mingxiang Huang; Yonghua Ding; Guo Xu; Qingquan Yu; Yuejin Tang; Ge Zhuang", "year": 2017, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.4996360", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4996360", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "实时模态识别和保护接口未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "UKAEA", "HUST", "General Atomics" ], "tags": [ "Mirnov", "MHD", "mode-number", "locked-mode" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG6-030", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-030", "primaryTask": "DG6", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "MICROWAVE" ], "title": "二维电子回旋辐射成像：磁岛与湍流", "titleEn": "Electron-cyclotron-emission imaging of islands and turbulence", "technique": "family: MICROWAVE；name: 电子回旋辐射成像 / ECEI", "problem": "二维成像电子温度扰动，解析磁岛、锯齿、ELM与湍流结构。", "measurementPrinciple": "多通道天线/透镜同时采样多个频率和垂直位置；ECE亮温变化映射二维Te扰动。", "quantities": [ "2-D Te fluctuation", "island structure", "sawtooth/ELM dynamics" ], "region": [ "低场侧极向小视场" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "microwave imaging optics", "mixer arrays", "LO distribution", "fast digitizers" ], "calibration": "黑体/热源标定通道增益与相位；用磁平衡和射线追踪标定空间映射。", "inference": "去公共模/增益后构造二维电影，做互谱/相干/模态追踪和合成视场卷积。", "devices": [ { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "用受控MHD事件、ECE一维剖面和磁探针交叉；KSTAR给出升级系统装置性能。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "局限于ECE光学厚可达区；折射、非热电子、通道串扰和视场映射误差。", "twinRelevance": "为动态MHD孪生提供二维观测；每帧应带映射/PSF和有效性掩膜。", "papers": [ { "title": "Development of a toroidally resolved broadband ECE imaging system for measurement of turbulent fluctuations on the KSTAR", "authors": "Dong-Kwon Kim; Jaehyun Lee; Dong Jae Lee; Gunsu S. Yun", "year": 2024, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0219245", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219245", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "ECEI成像校准、实时事件识别和射线追踪生产代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "KFE", "POSTECH", "General Atomics", "IPP CAS" ], "tags": [ "ECEI", "MHD", "island", "turbulence" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG6-031", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-031", "primaryTask": "DG6", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "束发射光谱：密度湍流与径向相关", "titleEn": "Beam-emission spectroscopy for density turbulence", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 束发射光谱 / BES", "problem": "测量局部密度涨落、相关长度、传播和湍流输运。", "measurementPrinciple": "中性束Dα发射随局部ne变化；二维视线阵列经原子寿命和光学PSF形成密度涨落观测。", "quantities": [ "delta-ne/ne", "correlation length", "phase velocity", "turbulence spectrum" ], "region": [ "中性束路径核心—边缘" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "neutral beam", "filtered avalanche photodiodes", "fiber array", "fast low-noise electronics" ], "calibration": "标定增益/噪声/频响、视线几何和PSF；束关闭与背景视线去除被动光。", "inference": "去公共噪声后做互相关/互谱；合成诊断修正原子寿命、束衰减和视场卷积。", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "NSTX", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "DIII-D多代BES以装置涨落、电子学噪声注入和合成诊断验证。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "依赖中性束；beam-imprinting、光子噪声、有限PSF和MHD污染影响湍流量。", "twinRelevance": "连接湍流模型和输运系数；孪生需存PSF、噪声谱和束状态。", "papers": [ { "title": "Plasma Turbulence Imaging via Beam Emission Spectroscopy in the Core of the DIII-D Tokamak", "authors": "George R. McKEE; Raymond J. FONCK; Deepak K. GUPTA; David J. SCHLOSSBERG; Morgan W. SHAFER; Réjean L. BOIVIN; Wayne SOLOMON", "year": 2007, "venue": "Plasma and Fusion Research", "doi": "10.1585/pfr.2.s1025", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.2.s1025", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Wide-field turbulence imaging with beam emission spectroscopy", "authors": "G. R. McKee; R. J. Fonck; M. W. Shafer; I. U. Uzun-Kaymak; Z. Yan", "year": 2010, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.3495788", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3495788", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "BES实时/离线湍流分析和PSF数据库未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "General Atomics", "University of Wisconsin–Madison" ], "tags": [ "BES", "density-fluctuation", "turbulence", "correlation" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG6-032", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-032", "primaryTask": "DG6", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2", "DG9" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "MICROWAVE" ], "title": "多普勒反射与相关反射：湍流和E×B速度", "titleEn": "Doppler and correlation reflectometry for turbulence and ExB velocity", "technique": "family: MICROWAVE；name: 多普勒/相关反射计 / DBS", "problem": "测量选定波数密度湍流、垂直速度与剪切流。", "measurementPrinciple": "倾斜微波在截止层发生Bragg背散射；频移给垂直速度，功率给湍流水平代理；多点相位给相关传播。", "quantities": [ "Doppler shift", "perpendicular velocity", "turbulence wavenumber", "correlation length" ], "region": [ "边缘/台基截止层" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "steerable microwave antennas", "frequency sources", "I/Q receivers", "fast digitizers" ], "calibration": "标定I/Q幅相、频率、天线角度和真空延迟；用射线追踪确定散射位置/k。", "inference": "时频谱拟合Doppler峰；结合磁几何估计E×B速度，合成射线/全波评估局域性。", "devices": [ { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "W7-X", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "装置上与CXRS Er、GPI/BES和参数扫描比较；EAST相关反射计有装置验证。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "相速度贡献、折射、多散射和散射位置不确定导致速度解释偏差。", "twinRelevance": "为边缘流剪切孪生提供高频观测；应保留散射位置和k空间后验。", "papers": [ { "title": "Multi-channel poloidal correlation reflectometry on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak", "authors": "H. Qu; T. Zhang; X. Han; H. M. Xiang; F. Wen; K. N. Geng; Y. M. Wang; D. F. Kong; J. Q. Cai; C. B. Huang; Y. Gao; X. Gao; et al. (13 authors)", "year": 2016, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.4960162", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4960162", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "On turbulence-correlation analysis based on correlation reflectometry", "authors": "N Teplova (Kosolapova); K Itoh; S-I Itoh; E Gusakov; S Heuraux; S Inagaki; M Sasaki; T Kobayashi; Y Nagashima; S Oldenbürger; A Fujisawa", "year": 2013, "venue": "Physica Scripta", "doi": "10.1088/0031-8949/87/04/045502", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/87/04/045502", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "射线追踪、实时谱拟合和角度配置代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "IPP CAS", "IPP Garching", "General Atomics" ], "tags": [ "DBS", "reflectometry", "ExB", "turbulence" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG6-034", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-034", "primaryTask": "DG6", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "重离子束探针：电势、密度与涨落", "titleEn": "Heavy-ion-beam probe for potential and density fluctuations", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；name: 重离子束探针 / HIBP", "problem": "直接局部测量等离子体电势及密度/磁涨落，研究径向电场和输运。", "measurementPrinciple": "注入重离子在等离子体内二次电离；二次离子能量差给局部电势，电流给密度/电离信息。", "quantities": [ "plasma potential", "electric-field fluctuation", "density fluctuation", "magnetic fluctuation" ], "region": [ "由束轨道选择的核心/边缘采样体积" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "heavy-ion accelerator", "electrostatic analyzers", "beamline", "secondary-ion detectors" ], "calibration": "标定束能量、分析器增益和轨道几何；用真空轨迹与磁场模型定位采样体积。", "inference": "能量差/电流解算并用轨道追踪映射；多通道互谱获得涨落传播。", "devices": [ { "name": "QUEST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JIPP T-IIU", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "T-10", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "TJ-II", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "束线台架、真空轨道和装置电势/涨落与独立Er诊断交叉。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "系统大、束衰减强，轨道对磁场敏感；空间覆盖和端口可达性有限。", "twinRelevance": "提供稀缺电势真值，可校准边缘电场孪生；轨道/束健康应作为观测算子状态。", "papers": [ { "title": "Conceptual design of a heavy ion beam probe for the QUEST spherical tokamak", "authors": "T. Ido; M. Hasegawa; R. Ikezoe; T. Onchi; K. Hanada; H. Idei; K. Kuroda; Y. Nagashima", "year": 2022, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0101770", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0101770", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Density fluctuations in JIPP T-IIU tokamak plasmas measured by a heavy ion beam probe", "authors": "Y Hamada; A Nishizawa; Y Kawasumi; A Fujisawa; K Narihara; K Ida; A Ejiri; S Ohdachi; K Kawahata; K Toi; K Sato; T Seki; et al. (31 authors)", "year": 1997, "venue": "Nuclear Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/0029-5515/37/7/i08", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/37/7/i08", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "HIBP轨道、分析器控制和装置反演代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "Kyushu University", "NIFS", "Kurchatov Institute" ], "tags": [ "HIBP", "potential", "electric-field", "fluctuation" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG6-035", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-035", "primaryTask": "DG6", "relatedTasks": [ "DG7", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "气体喷注成像：边缘丝状体与湍流", "titleEn": "Gas-puff imaging of edge filaments and turbulence", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 气体喷注成像 / GPI", "problem": "二维高速成像边缘/SOL密度结构、blob、ELM和传播。", "measurementPrinciple": "局部中性气体喷注的谱线发射随ne/Te变化；高速相机测二维亮度电影。", "quantities": [ "2-D emission fluctuation", "filament velocity", "size/lifetime", "ELM structure" ], "region": [ "LCFS附近与SOL局部视场" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "gas manifold/nozzles", "fast camera", "interference filter", "collection optics" ], "calibration": "标定相机增益/暗场/平场、视场几何和滤光片；测喷气波形与背景。", "inference": "光流、互相关和结构追踪；碰撞辐射合成诊断把亮度与ne/Te涨落关联。", "devices": [ { "name": "TCV", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "Alcator C-Mod", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "NSTX", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "以标定靶/成像、不同喷气量扫描及与探针/BES交叉；TCV系统论文给装置性能。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "喷气扰动局部等离子体；亮度非线性依赖ne/Te和中性输运，不能直接视为密度。", "twinRelevance": "提供可解释边缘电影；孪生应使用合成发射而不是直接比较密度场。", "papers": [ { "title": "Gas puff imaging on the TCV tokamak", "authors": "N. Offeddu; C. Wüthrich; W. Han; C. Theiler; T. Golfinopoulos; J. L. Terry; E. Marmar; C. Galperti; Y. Andrebe; B. P. Duval; R. Bertizzolo; A. Clement; et al. (16 authors)", "year": 2022, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0126398", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0126398", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Invited Review Article: Gas puff imaging diagnostics of edge plasma turbulence in magnetic fusion devices", "authors": "S. J. Zweben; J. L. Terry; D. P. Stotler; R. J. Maqueda", "year": 2017, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.4981873", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4981873", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "OpenADAS", "url": "https://open.adas.ac.uk", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "atomic-data-service", "access": "public", "relation": "GPI谱线碰撞辐射系数。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "中性输运、光流和装置实时分析未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "EPFL", "MIT PSFC", "PPPL", "General Atomics" ], "tags": [ "GPI", "filament", "SOL", "turbulence", "imaging" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG7-036", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-036", "primaryTask": "DG7", "relatedTasks": [ "DG3", "DG6", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "PROBE_SAMPLING" ], "title": "固定/往复式朗缪尔探针：SOL与偏滤器局部参数", "titleEn": "Fixed and reciprocating Langmuir probes for SOL and divertor parameters", "technique": "family: PROBE_SAMPLING；name: 朗缪尔探针 / Langmuir probes", "problem": "局部测量边界等离子体密度、电子温度、浮动电势、粒子通量和涨落。", "measurementPrinciple": "I–V扫描或三探针模型由电子/离子收集电流推断Te、ne、Vf和离子饱和电流。", "quantities": [ "Te", "ne", "floating/plasma potential", "ion saturation current", "particle flux" ], "region": [ "SOL", "偏滤器靶板", "往复式中平面" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "flush-mounted probes", "reciprocating probe head", "bias supplies", "fast current-voltage electronics" ], "calibration": "标定电阻/电压/面积与电子学频响；用鞘层模型、探针温度和磁入射角修正。", "inference": "I–V拟合或快速三探针解算，坏扫/电弧门控；阵列给靶板剖面和涨落统计。", "devices": [ { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST-U", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "以重复扫描、探针阵列一致性及与偏滤器TS/光谱/热流比对；EAST钨偏滤器有装置验证。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "侵入、易烧蚀；鞘模型、二次电子、强磁倾角和非Maxwell分布造成偏差。", "twinRelevance": "边界孪生局部锚点；需同时记录表面状态、偏压波形和鞘模型版本。", "papers": [ { "title": "Development of Langmuir probe array for the new lower tungsten divertor in EAST", "authors": "L.Y. Meng; J.C. Xu; J.B. Liu; L. Cao; P. Wang; A. Li; L. Yu; G.S. Xu; L. Wang", "year": 2022, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113011", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113011", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "探针快速拟合、清洗和机器保护门控代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "IPP CAS", "General Atomics", "IPP Garching", "UKAEA" ], "tags": [ "Langmuir", "SOL", "divertor", "probe", "particle-flux" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG7-037", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-037", "primaryTask": "DG7", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG8", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR" ], "title": "红外热成像：PFC表面温度与热流", "titleEn": "Infrared thermography for PFC temperature and heat flux", "technique": "family: ENGINEERING_SENSOR；name: 红外热成像 / IR thermography", "problem": "监测第一壁/偏滤器温度、热斑和热流，保护PFC并验证热负荷模型。", "measurementPrinciple": "红外辐亮度经发射率/反射修正得到表面温度；热传导反问题由温度电影求表面热流。", "quantities": [ "surface temperature", "heat-flux density", "hot-spot location", "deposited energy" ], "region": [ "偏滤器靶板", "第一壁与限流器" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "IR cameras", "endoscopes", "mirrors", "blackbody reference", "timing system" ], "calibration": "黑体多温点标定相机；现场用已知温度/热源估计发射率、反射和光学透过率。", "inference": "坏像素/非均匀修正后，结合材料多层热模型反演热流；实时算法识别热斑。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "WEST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "直接来源覆盖 ITER 偏滤器红外热成像的开发与成像诊断性能预测，属于设计/原型与测量性能评估，不是 ITER 例行运行。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "发射率随表面/沉积改变，反射等离子体辐射；热反演病态且材料参数不确定。", "twinRelevance": "是PFC热数字孪生核心；必须把发射率、表面状态、相机标定和热模型协方差联动。", "papers": [ { "title": "Development of Divertor IR Thermography for ITER", "authors": "Masaki TAKEUCHI; Tatsuo SUGIE; Hiroaki OGAWA; Masao ISHIKAWA; Takahiko SHIMADA; Yoshinori KUSAMA", "year": 2013, "venue": "Plasma and Fusion Research", "doi": "10.1585/pfr.8.2402147", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.8.2402147", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Prediction and evaluation of measurement performances of imaging diagnostics for ITER wall protection", "authors": "Marie-Helene Aumeunier; Alexis Juven; Priyanka Jena; Vincent Martin; Martin Kocan", "year": 2025, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.114922", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.114922", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "实时热流反演、ROI和保护阈值配置未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "IPP Garching", "CEA IRFM", "EUROfusion JET" ], "tags": [ "IR", "thermography", "heat-flux", "PFC", "hot-spot" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG7-038", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-038", "primaryTask": "DG7", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "LASER" ], "title": "偏滤器汤姆逊散射：脱靶区电子参数", "titleEn": "Divertor Thomson scattering for detached-plasma electron parameters", "technique": "family: LASER；name: 偏滤器汤姆逊散射 / DTS", "problem": "在偏滤器和脱靶前沿测局部Te/ne，约束再结合、动量损失与功率耗散。", "measurementPrinciple": "与常规TS相同，但在低Te、高ne、强杂散光和复杂几何下优化谱通道与收集。", "quantities": [ "divertor Te", "divertor ne", "detachment-front profiles" ], "region": [ "偏滤器腿/靶板上方" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "pulsed laser", "divertor collection optics", "polychromators", "radiation-hard fibers" ], "calibration": "拉曼/瑞利和光谱响应标定；精确测视线/激光交叉，密度与干涉/探针比较。", "inference": "低温汤姆逊谱拟合、杂散光扣除并映射到磁通坐标。", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER design", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "DIII-D 论文给出装置偏滤器 TS 测量，KSTAR 论文给出优化收集光学设计；本记录支持装置数据/安装层级，不主张跨实验期例行在线服务。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "低Te谱窄且杂散光强；视线/激光偏移、辐照和偏滤器振动影响标定。", "twinRelevance": "为脱靶孪生提供局部锚点；需和Balmer谱、探针与IR做联合反演。", "papers": [ { "title": "Divertor Thomson scattering on DIII-D", "authors": "D.G Nilson; T.N Carlstrom; D.N Hill; C.L Hsieh; G.D Porter; R.E Stockdale; J.C Evans", "year": 1997, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/s0920-3796(96)00616-3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(96)00616-3", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Physical aspects of divertor Thomson scattering implementation on ITER", "authors": "E.E. Mukhin; R.A. Pitts; P. Andrew; I.M. Bukreev; P.V. Chernakov; L. Giudicotti; G. Huijsmans; M.M. Kochergin; A.N. Koval; A.S. Kukushkin; G.S. Kurskiev; A.E. Litvinov; et al. (18 authors)", "year": 2014, "venue": "Nuclear Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/0029-5515/54/4/043007", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/54/4/043007", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Optimized collection optic design for divertor Thomson scattering diagnostics in KSTAR", "authors": "G. H. Park; H. J. Kim; J. H. Lee", "year": 2024, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0218850", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0218850", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "DTS低温谱拟合和实时脱靶前沿代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "General Atomics", "ITER Organization", "KFE" ], "tags": [ "divertor", "Thomson", "detachment", "Te", "ne" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG7-039", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-039", "primaryTask": "DG7", "relatedTasks": [ "DG3", "DG4", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "Balmer/Stark偏滤器谱：脱靶、再结合与中性压力", "titleEn": "Balmer/Stark divertor spectroscopy for detachment and recombination", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: Balmer/Stark偏滤器光谱", "problem": "量化偏滤器电离、再结合、辐射和脱靶前沿演化。", "measurementPrinciple": "Balmer线强/线比区分激发与再结合；高n线Stark展宽给ne，分子贡献需碰撞辐射模型。", "quantities": [ "ionization rate", "recombination rate", "electron density", "neutral/molecular contribution" ], "region": [ "偏滤器腿和靶板多弦" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "absolutely calibrated spectrometers", "fiber views", "filtered cameras", "wavelength standards" ], "calibration": "绝对辐亮度、波长、仪器函数和视线几何标定；用灯源/积分球和TS ne交叉。", "inference": "多线拟合与ADAS碰撞辐射模型分解激发/再结合；层析或磁通管映射定位前沿。", "devices": [ { "name": "TCV", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "TCV 装置脱靶实验中的在线光谱与探针、TS、IR和功率平衡交叉；合成谱检查反演偏差。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "视线积分、分子过程、光学厚度和非平衡效应导致强模型依赖。", "twinRelevance": "为脱靶/粒子循环孪生提供过程分解；应存原始谱与原子/分子模型版本。", "papers": [ { "title": "Spectroscopic investigations of divertor detachment in TCV", "authors": "K. Verhaegh; B. Lipschultz; B.P. Duval; J.R. Harrison; H. Reimerdes; C. Theiler; B. Labit; R. Maurizio; C. Marini; F. Nespoli; U. Sheikh; C.K. Tsui; et al. (14 authors)", "year": 2017, "venue": "Nuclear Materials and Energy", "doi": "10.1016/j.nme.2017.01.004", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2017.01.004", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Inference of divertor ionisation and recombination from Balmer spectroscopy", "authors": "Divertor spectroscopy team", "year": 2019, "venue": "arXiv", "doi": null, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.08157", "sourceType": "preprint" } ], "code": [ { "name": "OpenADAS", "url": "https://open.adas.ac.uk", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "atomic-data-service", "access": "public", "relation": "Balmer PEC/SXB与再结合系数。" }, { "name": "Cherab", "url": "https://www.cherab.info", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "open-source-spectroscopy-forward-model", "access": "public", "relation": "视线和合成谱。" }, { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "生产反演/层析未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "EPFL", "UKAEA", "General Atomics", "EUROfusion" ], "tags": [ "Balmer", "Stark", "detachment", "recombination" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG7-040", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-040", "primaryTask": "DG7", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG8" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR" ], "title": "石英晶体微天平：侵蚀/沉积在线质量通量", "titleEn": "Quartz-crystal microbalance for erosion and deposition", "technique": "family: ENGINEERING_SENSOR；name: 石英晶体微天平 / QMB", "problem": "测量壁材料侵蚀/再沉积的局部质量变化，支撑PFC寿命与尘埃源项。", "measurementPrinciple": "石英谐振频率随表面质量负载变化；温度/应力补偿后转为面积质量。", "quantities": [ "areal mass change", "deposition/erosion rate", "cumulative inventory" ], "region": [ "第一壁/偏滤器附近受屏蔽监测位置" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "quartz resonators", "reference crystal", "temperature sensors", "shutters", "oscillator electronics" ], "calibration": "用已知薄膜沉积/去除标定Sauerbrey系数；双晶/温度扫描分离热漂移。", "inference": "频率差、温度和黏弹性修正；与表面后分析和材料收支比较。", "devices": [ { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "laboratory PWI facilities", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "JET/EAST通过装置暴露、参考晶体和拆卸后表面分析交叉验证。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "温度、应力、辐照和非刚性沉积破坏简单质量关系；仅局部采样。", "twinRelevance": "提供PFC表面清单连续观测；晶体温度、暴露窗和材料模型需进入资产孪生。", "papers": [ { "title": "Quartz microbalance: a time resolved diagnostic to measure material deposition in JET", "authors": "H.G Esser; G Neill; P Coad; G.F Matthews; D Jolovic; D Wilson; M Freisinger; V Philipps", "year": 2003, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/s0920-3796(03)00365-x", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(03)00365-x", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Studies of the material erosion and deposition during the wall conditioning processes using quartz crystal microbalance in EAST", "authors": "Yuming Liu; Rong Yan; Lei Mu; Yefan Zhu; Rui Ding; Yu Zhang; Jiao Peng; Niuxian Liu; Baoguo Wang; Chenxue Wang; Junling Chen", "year": 2024, "venue": "Nuclear Materials and Energy", "doi": "10.1016/j.nme.2023.101576", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2023.101576", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "QMB温度补偿、快门控制和库存融合代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "EUROfusion JET", "IPP CAS" ], "tags": [ "QMB", "erosion", "deposition", "inventory", "PFC" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG7-041", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-041", "primaryTask": "DG7", "relatedTasks": [ "DG3", "DG8", "DG9" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "LIBS/LIDS：壁材料与氚/氘库存原位诊断", "titleEn": "LIBS/LIDS for in-situ wall composition and fuel inventory", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；name: 激光诱导击穿/解吸光谱 / LIBS-LIDS", "problem": "原位识别PFC表面元素、沉积层和滞留H同位素，支撑库存与维护决策。", "measurementPrinciple": "LIBS用脉冲激光烧蚀微量材料并测等离子体发射；LIDS热/激光解吸氢同位素并由质谱/光谱定量。", "quantities": [ "surface composition", "D/T inventory", "deposit thickness proxy", "desorption yield" ], "region": [ "第一壁/偏滤器可视表面" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "pulsed laser", "collection spectrometer", "gated detector", "mass spectrometer", "scan optics" ], "calibration": "用已知成分/厚度样品标定谱线与烧蚀量；校准激光能量、焦点和解吸收集效率。", "inference": "谱线多变量/碰撞辐射定量或解吸积分；与离线离子束分析/热脱附交叉。", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D/LIDS studies", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER R&D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "linear plasma facilities", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "在含氘/钨/碳参考样品和装置暴露样品上验证；尚非ITER例行运行。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "烧蚀具有微破坏性；基体效应、表面粗糙、光学污染和氚治理限制部署。", "twinRelevance": "把表面成分与燃料库存纳入壁孪生，但需严格记录采样位置、烧蚀历史与校准样品。", "papers": [ { "title": "Deuterium detection and quantification by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and calibration-free analysis in ITER relevant samples", "authors": "Salvatore Almaviva; Luisa Caneve; Francesco Colao; Giorgio Maddaluno", "year": 2019, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.109", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.109", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Time-resolved laser-induced desorption spectroscopy (LIDS) for quantified in-situ hydrogen isotope retention measurement and removal from plasma facing materials", "authors": "J. H. Yu; M. J. Baldwin; M. J. Simmonds; A. Založnik", "year": 2019, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.5100162", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5100162", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Review of the ITER diagnostics suite for erosion, deposition, dust and tritium measurements", "authors": "R. Reichle; P. Andrew; P. Bates; O. Bede; N. Casal; C.H. Choi; R. Barnsley; C. Damiani; L. Bertalot; G. Dubus; J. Ferreol; G. Jagannathan; et al. (29 authors)", "year": 2015, "venue": "Journal of Nuclear Materials", "doi": "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.01.039", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.01.039", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "LIBS/LIDS定量标定与氚治理工作流未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "General Atomics", "FZ Jülich", "EUROfusion" ], "tags": [ "LIBS", "LIDS", "tritium", "inventory", "wall" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG7-042", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-042", "primaryTask": "DG7", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG4", "DG8" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR" ], "title": "第一镜、尘埃与侵蚀/沉积综合监测", "titleEn": "First-mirror, dust, erosion and deposition monitoring suite", "technique": "family: ENGINEERING_SENSOR；name: 壁材料综合诊断 / PWI monitoring", "problem": "监测诊断第一镜反射率、尘埃、沉积/侵蚀和光学退化，保证长期可观测性。", "measurementPrinciple": "反射计/椭偏测镜面光学，集尘/成像测尘埃，标记层/见证片与表面分析量化材料迁移。", "quantities": [ "mirror reflectivity", "deposit thickness", "erosion depth", "dust inventory", "optical throughput" ], "region": [ "第一壁", "诊断端口第一镜", "偏滤器" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "first mirrors", "reflectometers", "witness samples", "dust collectors/cameras", "marker tiles" ], "calibration": "安装前光谱反射/表面形貌基线；定期用内置光源、见证片和拆卸后表面分析复核。", "inference": "将光学吞吐漂移、材料样品与尘埃计数融合为健康指标；与所有光学诊断标定联动。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER R&D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "TEXTOR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "材料暴露设施和现役装置比较清洗/沉积前后反射率；ITER以多机构R&D和设计审查验证。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "测量稀疏且维护周期长；沉积非均匀、镜面清洗改变表面，尘埃计数代表性有限。", "twinRelevance": "这是诊断系统自身的健康孪生；镜面吞吐必须反向校正所有光谱/成像数据。", "papers": [ { "title": "First mirror tests for ITER: Influence of material choice on the erosion/deposition mechanisms affecting optical reflectivity", "authors": "G. De Temmerman; R.A. Pitts; V.S. Voitsenya; L. Marot; G. Veres; M. Maurer; P. Oelhafen", "year": 2007, "venue": "Journal of Nuclear Materials", "doi": "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.024", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.024", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Review of the ITER diagnostics suite for erosion, deposition, dust and tritium measurements", "authors": "R. Reichle; P. Andrew; P. Bates; O. Bede; N. Casal; C.H. Choi; R. Barnsley; C. Damiani; L. Bertalot; G. Dubus; J. Ferreol; G. Jagannathan; et al. (29 authors)", "year": 2015, "venue": "Journal of Nuclear Materials", "doi": "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.01.039", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.01.039", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" }, { "title": "Plasma-Wall-Interaction Diagnostics in ITER: Dust, Erosion, and Tritium Retention", "authors": "Junghee Kim; P. Andrew; R. Reichle", "year": 2012, "venue": "Fusion Science and Technology", "doi": "10.13182/fst12-a13386", "url": "https://doi.org/10.13182/fst12-a13386", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "跨诊断光学吞吐健康融合与资产数据库未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "FZ Jülich", "EUROfusion JET", "General Atomics" ], "tags": [ "first-mirror", "dust", "erosion", "deposition", "diagnostic-health" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-035", "projectId": "iter-tsm-anomaly", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "ITER Tokamak Systems Monitor 工程系统机器学习异常检测", "titleEn": "Machine-Learning Anomaly Detection in the ITER Tokamak Systems Monitor", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: modular anomaly detection；inter-shot monitoring；time-localised detection；health indicators", "problem": "ITER 将有数千个工程与运行通道，异常可能表现为未越过传统阈值的跨通道漂移、短时偏离或整脉冲模式变化，人工逐通道诊断不可扩展。", "measurementPrinciple": "Tokamak Systems Monitor 在统一 MonApp/AlgorithmAdapter 接口中运行 Python 异常算法：一类对完整回旋管脉冲做降维与聚类，另一类以物理模型上下文条件化可逆神经网络，定位磁体电源电压的短时异常。", "quantities": [ "anomaly score", "pulse cluster / atypical-cycle label", "time-localised voltage deviation", "engineering health warning", "expert review state" ], "region": [ "ITER 工程系统、Plant Operation Zone 与 CODAC 数据接口" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "gyrotron collector thermocouples", "magnet power-supply voltage and command channels", "TSM C++ MonApp / AlgorithmAdapter", "Python tsmadkit / tsmadalg processes", "EPICS PON, DAN and UDA interfaces" ], "calibration": "健康模型需要正常运行基线、模型/硬件版本、维护事件和专家标注；阈值应随调试阶段、误报代价与工况漂移重新标定，且不得替代独立报警和保护阈值。", "inference": "anomaly detection；health monitoring；maintenance decision support", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER Tokamak Systems Monitor (pre-operational software and prototype-data context)", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "2026 同行评审论文给出已实现的软件接口，并以欧洲回旋管原型脉冲和磁体电源模型/信号展示两类算法；ITER 仍处于投运前，完整专家反馈、事件数据库和长期运行部署尚未完成。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "当前证据是预运行原型与案例验证，不是 ITER 常规运行或安全资格；训练域覆盖、OOD、误报、网络安全、专家复核闭环和模型更新治理仍待投运验证。", "twinRelevance": "它展示了资产健康孪生应有的稳定执行契约、异构数据接入、标准化结果和专家反馈接口，但输出只能作为操作员早期预警，不能绕过 CODAC 报警、机器保护或核安全链。", "papers": [ { "title": "Design and implementation of machine learning-based anomaly detection in the ITER Tokamak Systems Monitor", "authors": "Joris Paret; Brian Sammuli; Víctor Costa Pérez; Nathaniel Saura; Laura Hernández Cubo; Daniel Iglesias", "year": 2026, "venue": "Frontiers in Physics", "doi": "10.3389/fphy.2026.1824578", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2026.1824578", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary ITER-oriented method report" } ], "code": [ { "name": "ITER TSM tsmadkit / tsmadalg implementation", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "论文明确说明 TSM、tsmadkit 与 tsmadalg 为 ITER Organization 专有知识产权，提交时不能公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "General Atomics", "VERSE EUROPA" ], "tags": [ "anomaly-detection", "health-monitoring", "ITER", "Tokamak-Systems-Monitor", "engineering-health", "MLOps", "AI" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-001", "projectId": "iter-quench-detection", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "ITER 超导磁体多通道失超探测与抗噪监视", "titleEn": "Multi-channel quench detection and noise rejection for ITER superconducting magnets", "technique": "差分电压桥式失超探测与冗余保护监视", "problem": "大型超导线圈储能高，正常爬流的感应电压、强电磁噪声和长电缆可能掩盖小电阻电压；发现过迟会造成局部过热与绝缘损伤。", "measurementPrinciple": "利用差分/桥式电压比较、冗余电压抽头、光隔离和高压信号调理监视正常区形成；把探测器状态、原始波形和触发阈值送至独立失超保护链。ITER 官方资料说明约三千个失超探测传感器的量级。", "quantities": [ "线圈差分/桥路电压 [V]", "线圈电流 [A]", "局部温度 [K]", "冷却回路压力 [Pa]", "失超状态与触发时刻" ], "region": [ "magnet", "cryogenic-system", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "毫秒至秒，取决于线圈、正常区传播、滤波和保护动作", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "voltage taps", "bridge circuits", "current transducers", "temperature/pressure sensors", "high-voltage optical isolation" ], "calibration": "采用已知电压注入、桥路平衡、通道共模抑制测试和受控加热/模拟失超校核；阈值、滤波与配置需版本化。", "inference": "桥路残差、持续时间、双通道符合和磁体状态机共同判定；最终保护动作保持在独立安全链。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "传感器、电子学和信号调理的设计/样机/资格试验；尚无 ITER 磁体系统长期运行统计。" } ], "validation": "传感器、电子学和信号调理的设计/样机/资格试验；尚无 ITER 磁体系统长期运行统计。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "电压阈值受 ramp rate、耦合和噪声影响；仅测电压难定位 HTS 慢传播热点；诊断触发与最终 QPC 安全职责必须隔离。", "twinRelevance": "孪生应同步电磁—热—水力模型、传感器残差、阈值版本和保护动作回放，形成磁体健康数字线程。", "papers": [ { "title": "3,000 sensors for detecting the quench", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2013, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.iter.org/node/20687/3000-sensors-detecting-quench", "sourceType": "official ITER engineering report" }, { "title": "A High Voltage Signal Conditioner for the Quench Detection System of the ITER Superconducting Magnet", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2016, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://yonsei.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/a-high-voltage-signal-conditioner-for-the-quench-detection-system", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed engineering paper" } ], "code": [ { "name": "ITER QDS production logic/configuration", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "公开文献描述功能与资格方法，未发现生产仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization" ], "tags": [ "quench", "superconducting-magnet", "protection", "noise-rejection" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-002", "projectId": "jt60sa-magnet-cryogenic-monitoring", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "JT-60SA 磁体—低温联合状态监测与失超保护调试", "titleEn": "Integrated magnet-cryogenic monitoring and quench protection commissioning on JT-60SA", "technique": "磁体—低温联合状态监测与失超保护调试", "problem": "磁体快放电/失超既威胁线圈，也给低温回路带来瞬态热负荷和压力上升；保护阈值过于保守又造成超过一天的恢复代价。", "measurementPrinciple": "Magnet Controller 采集温度、压力和质量流量并控制氦流；相邻 TF 线圈桥式比较探测电阻增长，双路冗余触发 QPC；commissioning 通过受控加热线圈、分级电流和 pyrobreaker 试验验证链路。", "quantities": [ "线圈差分电压 [V]", "线圈电流 [A]", "氦温度 [K]", "压力 [Pa]", "质量流量 [kg/s]", "阀门与保护状态" ], "region": [ "magnet", "cryogenic-system", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "快速失超触发为毫秒—秒；低温恢复为小时—天", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "coil differential voltage", "cryogenic temperature", "pressure", "mass flow", "valve state" ], "calibration": "以受控加热线圈、桥路逐对触发、分级通流、pyrobreaker 与压力卸放试验校核端到端链路。", "inference": "桥式电阻增长判据与低温温压流趋势联合解释，并由冗余状态机触发 QPC。", "devices": [ { "name": "JT-60SA", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "真实磁体 commissioning：9 对失超探测器逐对触发、15 kA pyrobreaker 试验、低温压力卸放检查。" } ], "validation": "真实磁体 commissioning：9 对失超探测器逐对触发、15 kA pyrobreaker 试验、低温压力卸放检查。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "commissioning 的受控触发覆盖有限，不能代替多年运行统计；模型阈值依赖 FLOWER/HEATER/SUPERMAGNET 假设和传感器校准。", "twinRelevance": "是快电保护、慢低温动态和维护恢复成本共同进入孪生决策的典型案例。", "papers": [ { "title": "Monitoring and control of the magnet system of JT-60SA", "authors": "K. Fukui; K. Kamiy; K. Natsume; K. Kawano; T. Isono; K. Kizu; H. Murakami; K. Tsuchiya; R. Heller", "year": 2019, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.12.080", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.12.080", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed design/commissioning paper" }, { "title": "Toroidal field magnet energized", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2023, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.jt60sa.org/wp/toroidal-field-magnet-energized", "sourceType": "official commissioning report" } ], "code": [ { "name": "JT-60SA Magnet Controller/QPC logic", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "生产逻辑与阈值未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "JT-60SA Project", "QST", "Fusion for Energy" ], "tags": [ "quench", "cryogenics", "commissioning", "QPC" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-003", "projectId": "east-coil-temperature-diagnostics", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "EAST 超导线圈出口温度技术诊断与安全联锁", "titleEn": "EAST superconducting-coil outlet temperature diagnostics and interlock", "technique": "超导线圈出口低温温度诊断与联锁", "problem": "超导线圈氦/氮出口温度异常可指示冷却不足或热负荷失常，需要连续采集并在阈值越界时触发保护。", "measurementPrinciple": "PXI 采集氮温，Lake Shore 224 采集氦温；支持连续和脉冲采集，数据写入 MySQL/MDSplus，并向低温系统发布状态、向安全联锁输出故障。", "quantities": [ "氦出口温度 [K]", "氮出口温度 [K]", "通道质量状态", "故障/联锁状态" ], "region": [ "magnet", "cryogenic-system", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "连续慢监控叠加脉冲归档；阈值响应以设备热惯性为准", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "cryogenic temperature sensors", "PXI DAQ", "Lake Shore monitors", "status/fault I/O" ], "calibration": "温度传感器与采集链按参考温标校准，并通过连续/脉冲采集比对、通道零漂和联锁注入试验确认。", "inference": "量程、变化率和阈值规则生成设备健康标志，并将故障发布给低温系统和独立联锁。", "devices": [ { "name": "EAST", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "论文报告系统用于 2018 EAST campaign；早期磁体工程调试亦记录技术诊断/保护。" } ], "validation": "论文报告系统在 2018 EAST 装置实验 campaign 在线使用；早期磁体工程调试亦记录技术诊断/保护。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "出口温度是系统级滞后观测，不能独立定位局部热点；阈值、传感器漂移和通信故障需要独立诊断。", "twinRelevance": "适合把热水力模型、传感器健康和联锁事件统一回放，验证异常提前量和误报代价。", "papers": [ { "title": "The Design of Data Acquisition System for EAST Technical Diagnostic System", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2018, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.10663", "sourceType": "facility-team technical paper" }, { "title": "Technical diagnosis system for EAST tokamak", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2010, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920379610002796", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed system paper" } ], "code": [ { "name": "EAST TDS DAQ/interlock application", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "论文描述架构，生产配置未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences" ], "tags": [ "temperature", "cryogenics", "interlock", "MDSplus" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-004", "projectId": "west-wall-monitoring-system", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG7", "DG9", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "WEST 红外壁监视到射频功率退让的实时闭环", "titleEn": "WEST infrared wall monitoring and RF power fallback loop", "technique": "红外壁温监视、热点识别与射频功率退让", "problem": "长脉冲钨环境中局部热点、弧光或对准偏差可快速损坏 PFC，需要从多相机影像识别超温并协调多个 RF 执行器。", "measurementPrinciple": "实时 IR 采集、ROI/几何映射、温度阈值与事件分类将告警送入 Wall Monitoring System，再由 PCS 执行功率退让/停止；离线用合成 IR 和热模型解释反射/发射率。", "quantities": [ "PFC 表面温度 [K]", "热点位置 [pixel/mm]", "ROI 最大温度 [K]", "功率退让请求与时刻" ], "region": [ "first-wall", "plasma-facing-component", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "视频帧至 10–100 ms 决策；PFC 热扩散为更慢尺度", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "wide-angle IR cameras", "high-resolution endoscope", "camera health/status", "RF actuator state" ], "calibration": "使用黑体/参考温源、相机非均匀性修正、视线几何配准和材料发射率假设；每次光学或壁状态变化后复核。", "inference": "实时 ROI、热点连通域和持续时间判据生成经质量门控的功率退让请求。", "devices": [ { "name": "WEST", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "WEST C4 campaign 真机实时运行与反馈；论文报告触发统计但不代表全机安全可用率。" } ], "validation": "WEST C4 campaign 真机实时运行与反馈；论文报告触发统计但不代表全机安全可用率。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "金属反射、发射率变化、沉积、遮挡和坏像素会造成假热点/漏检；阈值闭环不等于可证明安全。", "twinRelevance": "要求几何光学、热模型、相机标定和执行器日志共用同一配置版本，是工程—物理孪生关键接口。", "papers": [ { "title": "WEST operation with real time feed back control based on wall component temperature toward machine protection in a steady state tungsten environment", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2021, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.01914", "sourceType": "primary device-operation paper" } ], "code": [ { "name": "WEST WMS", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "生产图像处理、ROI 和 PCS 配置未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "CEA IRFM", "WEST Team" ], "tags": [ "infrared", "machine-protection", "PFC", "real-time-feedback" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-005", "projectId": "west-divertor-fbg-temperature", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG7" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR" ], "title": "WEST 下偏滤器 FBG 多点温度长期监测", "titleEn": "Long-term multiplexed FBG temperature monitoring in the WEST lower divertor", "technique": "FBG 多点偏滤器温度长期监测", "problem": "强磁、真空和高温环境下大量热电偶布线复杂，且需要长期多点温度数据库评估 PFC 热历史。", "measurementPrinciple": "在钨涂层石墨部件嵌入再生 FBG，每根光纤复用 11 个测点，并与热电偶和热模型交叉验证。", "quantities": [ "Bragg 波长漂移 [pm]", "PFC 温度 [K]", "通道漂移与有效性", "脉冲累计热历史" ], "region": [ "divertor", "plasma-facing-component", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "脉冲内热响应与 campaign 级累计漂移", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "regenerated fiber Bragg gratings", "thermocouples", "optical interrogator" ], "calibration": "以受控温升、参考热电偶和解调器波长基准建立波长—温度曲线，并区分安装应变与长期漂移。", "inference": "由补偿后的 Bragg 波长漂移反演温度，按脉冲与位置生成长期数据库。", "devices": [ { "name": "WEST", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "超过 2600 个 WEST pulses 的装置数据库。" } ], "validation": "超过 2600 个 WEST pulses 的装置数据库。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "FBG 同时受温度、应变与封装影响；高温退火、谱峰重叠和辐照漂移需持续标定。", "twinRelevance": "适合作为材料/PFC 资产孪生的低布线密度多点状态输入，并与 IR 表面温度互补。", "papers": [ { "title": "First temperature database achieved with Fiber Bragg Grating sensors in uncooled plasma facing components of the WEST lower divertor", "authors": "Y. Corre; N. Chanet; R. Cotillard; J. Gaspar; G. Laffont; C. Pocheau; G. Caulier; C. Destouches; J-L. Gardarein; M. Firdaouss; M. Houry; M. Missirlian; et al. (14 authors)", "year": 2021, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112528", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112528", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed long-term device paper" } ], "code": [ { "name": "WEST FBG processing", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "光谱解调、补偿和数据库流水线未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "CEA IRFM", "WEST Team" ], "tags": [ "FBG", "temperature", "divertor", "long-pulse" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-006", "projectId": "w7x-thermal-event-detection", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG7", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "W7-X 长脉冲热事件自动检测与图像数据库", "titleEn": "Automated thermal-event detection and image database on W7-X", "technique": "长脉冲红外热事件自动检测与事件数据库", "problem": "稳态装置无法依赖操作员持续检查大量相机画面，反射、灰尘、热点和冷却异常需要自动分型。", "measurementPrinciple": "多 IR 视场检测热事件、人工/规则标注事件数据库，并逐步以计算机视觉自动化；结果与组件几何、脉冲阶段和机器状态关联。", "quantities": [ "PFC 表面温度 [K]", "热事件位置与面积", "事件持续时间 [s]", "事件类别与置信度" ], "region": [ "first-wall", "divertor", "plasma-facing-component" ], "temporalScale": "视频帧到分钟级长脉冲；数据库跨 campaign", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "IR cameras/endoscopes", "visible cameras", "cooling/calorimetry signals", "machine event stream" ], "calibration": "进行相机辐射定标、坏像素/漂移修正、几何投影和发射率核查，并用人工复核事件集评估检出率。", "inference": "热点分割、时序跟踪和规则/分类器生成事件记录；异常输出必须保留原图和质量标志。", "devices": [ { "name": "Wendelstein 7-X", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "真实 W7-X campaign 热事件和图像数据库。" } ], "validation": "真实 W7-X 装置 campaign 的在线热事件监测和图像数据库。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "标签受专家判断和 camera configuration 影响；长脉冲 OOD、遮挡和反射需独立质量位。", "twinRelevance": "影像、CAD/光线追迹、冷却状态和维护记录必须在同一资产坐标中关联。", "papers": [ { "title": "Observation of thermal events on the plasma facing components of Wendelstein 7-X", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2020, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.04270", "sourceType": "primary device thermography study" } ], "code": [ { "name": "W7-X thermal event detector", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "事件库和生产算法未作为完整公共仓库发布。" } ], "organizations": [ "Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics", "W7-X Team" ], "tags": [ "infrared", "thermal-event", "long-pulse", "event-database" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-007", "projectId": "east-divertor-fbg-strain", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG7" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR" ], "title": "EAST 钨偏滤器 FBG 应变—温度监测研发", "titleEn": "FBG strain-temperature monitoring R&D for the EAST tungsten divertor", "technique": "FBG 应变—温度解耦与高热流组件监测", "problem": "偏滤器承受电磁与热机械耦合载荷，需要在强电磁环境下测量应变/温度并减少电缆数量。", "measurementPrinciple": "在钨单块/组件上布置 FBG，开展烘烤和高热流试验，以热电偶和 ANSYS/Fluent 结果交叉验证，并设计 EAST 安装方案。", "quantities": [ "Bragg 波长漂移 [pm]", "应变 [microstrain]", "温度 [K]", "FE/试验残差" ], "region": [ "divertor", "plasma-facing-component", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "高热流瞬态至结构热循环", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "femtosecond/regenerated FBG", "thermocouples", "strain references" ], "calibration": "在高热流台架上以参考热电偶、载荷/位移和无应变温度通道标定温度灵敏度、应变灵敏度及交叉敏感。", "inference": "温度补偿后由波长漂移估计应变，并与热—结构有限元响应交叉验证。", "devices": [ { "name": "EAST divertor mock-up", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "高热流台架和组件测试；部分论文为安装计划而非长期真机证据。" }, { "name": "planned/partial EAST integration", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "高热流台架和组件测试；部分论文为安装计划而非长期真机证据。" } ], "validation": "高热流台架和组件测试；部分论文为安装计划而非长期真机证据。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "温度—应变交叉敏感、封装传递函数和辐照效应尚需真机长期标定。", "twinRelevance": "直接对应用户关心的力、位移、应变、应力与温度传感校核，可用于结构—热代理模型训练。", "papers": [ { "title": "Fibre Bragg grating sensors for fusion diagnostics: Temperature monitoring of a tungsten mono-block mock-up under high heat flux", "authors": "Xingli Wang; Zhen Chen; Wanjing Wang; Yuping Xu; Qiang Li; Chunyi Xie; Jichao Wang; Zhongshi Yang; Guang-Nan Luo", "year": 2020, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111378", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111378", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed high-heat-flux test" }, { "title": "R&D of a strain monitoring system for the EAST tungsten divertor", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2017, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179117300662", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed engineering R&D" } ], "code": [ { "name": "FBG demodulation/FE comparison workflow", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "试验与仿真代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences" ], "tags": [ "FBG", "strain", "temperature", "high-heat-flux" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-008", "projectId": "tokamak-structural-rom", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG9", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "大型托卡马克真空室电磁载荷—结构位移实时降阶监测", "titleEn": "Reduced-order real-time monitoring of tokamak vessel displacement under electromagnetic loads", "technique": "电磁—结构降阶模型的实时位移/应变估计", "problem": "破裂/VDE 产生的涡流和 halo current 引起真空室/支撑位移与应力，高保真 IEM+FEM 难以实时执行，稀疏传感器也无法直接覆盖全场。", "measurementPrinciple": "对电磁积分方程与有限元结构模型做 projection-based model order reduction，用少量载荷/状态输入重建关键位置位移、应变和应力；与全阶解比较。", "quantities": [ "真空室位移 [m]", "应变 [-]", "应力 [Pa]", "电磁载荷 [N/Nm]", "ROM 误差与运行时间" ], "region": [ "vacuum-vessel", "structure", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "破裂毫秒—秒；ROM 目标实时/近实时", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "coil/plasma current", "halo current estimates", "strain gauges/FBG", "displacement sensors", "accelerometers" ], "calibration": "当前证据为全阶 IEM/FEM 数值基准；真实应用还需几何、材料、边界条件和位移/应变传感器零点的装置标定。", "inference": "离线构建电磁与结构 ROM，在线由电流/载荷状态快速预测关键位置位移与应变，并报告相对全阶模型误差。", "devices": [ { "name": "large-scale tokamak models; device-specific validation pending", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "数值全阶—降阶对比；公开证据不等于装置传感闭环。" } ], "validation": "数值全阶—降阶对比；公开证据不等于装置传感闭环。", "evidenceLevel": "E1", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "ROM 训练域、接触/间隙、塑性、支撑非线性和传感器偏置限制外推；必须经结构试验和真机事件验证。", "twinRelevance": "是商业电磁/结构软件与实时代理模型之间的直接桥梁，适合第一阶段联合攻关。", "papers": [ { "title": "Reduced order modeling for real-time monitoring of structural displacements due to electromagnetic forces in large scale tokamaks", "authors": "F Lucchini; A Frescura; R Torchio; P Alotto; P Bettini", "year": 2024, "venue": "Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1361-6587/ad7889", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ad7889", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed numerical primary study" } ], "code": [ { "name": "IEM/FEM ROM implementation", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "未发现论文对应公开仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "University of Padova" ], "tags": [ "structural-health", "electromagnetic-load", "reduced-order-model", "real-time" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-009", "projectId": "textor-t10-vibration-monitoring", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG1" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "TEXTOR/T-10 运行中部件振动与位移测量", "titleEn": "In-operation vibration and displacement measurements on TEXTOR and T-10", "technique": "抗电磁干扰的部件振动与位移测量", "problem": "脉冲电磁载荷使线圈、真空室和内部部件振动，既影响结构寿命，也通过运动感生信号污染磁诊断。", "measurementPrinciple": "开发线性可变电阻式位移/振动传感器和多通道 DAQ，覆盖 0.01–10 mm、最高约 1 kHz，并在装置脉冲中记录。", "quantities": [ "振动位移幅值 [mm]", "频率 [Hz]", "相对位移 [mm]", "与线圈电流/磁测量的相干性" ], "region": [ "vacuum-vessel", "coil", "structure" ], "temporalScale": "亚毫秒采样、脉冲级振动衰减", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "linear variable resistive displacement sensors", "multi-channel analog DAQ" ], "calibration": "使用已知机械位移/振动输入和静态几何基准校核线性可变电阻传感器、模拟采集带宽和电磁敏感性。", "inference": "时域峰值、频谱/模态和与电磁激励的相关分析识别结构响应及对磁诊断的污染。", "devices": [ { "name": "TEXTOR", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "真实装置运行测量。" }, { "name": "T-10", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "真实装置运行测量。" } ], "validation": "真实装置运行测量。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "老装置、低辐照、传感器带宽和布置不能直接代表现代超导机；位移传感本身可能受电磁环境影响。", "twinRelevance": "提示数字孪生需同时解释结构运动和磁测量共因误差，避免把传感器运动误识别为等离子体 MHD。", "papers": [ { "title": "Vibration measurements of the tokamaks components of TEXTOR and T-10 in operation", "authors": "P.P Khvostenko; V.A Mikhailichenko; V.F Bogdanov; F.H Bohn; B Giesen; I.Yu Kucherenko; O Neubauer; G.E Notkin; M.M Sokolov; A.N Vertiporokh; S.N Vostrikov", "year": 2001, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/s0920-3796(01)00433-1", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(01)00433-1", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary device measurements" } ], "code": [ { "name": "TEXTOR/T-10 vibration DAQ", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "历史硬件/软件未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "Kurchatov Institute", "Forschungszentrum Juelich" ], "tags": [ "vibration", "displacement", "EMI", "structural-health" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-010", "projectId": "iter-drga", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG4", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "PROBE_SAMPLING", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "ITER 诊断残余气体分析器的燃料、氦灰与杂质监测", "titleEn": "ITER diagnostic residual gas analyzer for fuel, helium ash and impurities", "technique": "诊断残余气体质量谱与燃料/氦灰/杂质反演", "problem": "偏滤器/排气中的 D/T 比、He 灰和杂质既影响 plasma control，也反映真空、燃料循环和泄漏状态；单一质量谱技术在复杂混合物和强环境下可能歧义。", "measurementPrinciple": "组合 quadrupole mass spectrometer、ion-trap mass spectrometer 和 optical Penning gauge，采用重叠量程与绝对/相对浓度校准。", "quantities": [ "分压 [Pa]", "D/T/He 浓度或比值", "杂质组分", "谱峰强度与不确定度" ], "region": [ "vacuum", "fuel-cycle", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "秒级到过程监控尺度", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "QMS", "ion-trap mass spectrometer", "optical Penning gauge", "vacuum gauges" ], "calibration": "以已知组成和压力的标准混合气建立质量谱灵敏度/裂解矩阵，并验证真空、抽气和动态响应。", "inference": "对重叠质量峰做响应矩阵解卷积与时间滤波，输出带质量标志的燃料比、氦灰和杂质估计。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER prototype", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "ORNL 原型系统和实验室测试；尚无 ITER plasma exhaust validation。" } ], "validation": "ORNL 原型系统和实验室测试；尚无 ITER plasma exhaust validation。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "同质素/碎片谱重叠、取样管线延迟、壁记忆、污染和绝对校准会限制动态反演。", "twinRelevance": "应把取样线路、真空容积、泵速和组分反应模型纳入测量算子，避免把分析仪读数当作等离子体边界瞬时真值。", "papers": [ { "title": "Description of the prototype diagnostic residual gas analyzer for ITER", "authors": "T. R. Younkin; T. M. Biewer; C. C. Klepper; C. Marcus", "year": 2014, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.4892157", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4892157", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed prototype paper" } ], "code": [ { "name": "ITER DRGA control/spectral analysis", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "原型硬件公开，生产分析代码未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization", "Oak Ridge National Laboratory" ], "tags": [ "mass-spectrometry", "fuel-ratio", "helium-ash", "vacuum" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-011", "projectId": "fusion-water-leak-tracer", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG7", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "PROBE_SAMPLING", "ENGINEERING_SENSOR" ], "title": "聚变堆冷却水内漏的示踪气体—质量谱定位", "titleEn": "Tracer-gas mass-spectrometric localization of cooling-water leaks", "technique": "水溶性示踪气体—四极杆质谱泄漏定位", "problem": "真空室内水冷通道小泄漏难在运行后快速定位，水蒸气背景和多支路会掩盖源位置。", "measurementPrinciple": "让 Kr 等可溶示踪气体随冷却水循环，泄漏进入真空后由 QMS 检出，利用输运延迟区分位置；另有 OH*/Xe 光谱定位概念。", "quantities": [ "示踪气体峰电流 [A]", "到达时间 [s]", "泄漏率 [Pa m3/s]", "估计泄漏位置 [m]" ], "region": [ "cooling-water", "vacuum-vessel", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "几十秒至分钟，受水路长度、温度和泵速影响", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "quadrupole mass spectrometer", "tracer injection/concentration", "flow/temperature/pressure", "spectrometer optional" ], "calibration": "通过已知位置、已知泄漏率和受控水温/流量台架建立传输时延与质谱响应，并评估本底和 cryopump 影响。", "inference": "根据示踪峰到达时间和冷却回路传输模型反演泄漏区段；公开台架精度不得外推为整机精度。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER-relevant water-loop test", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "水回路台架，两处相距 1 m 的 10^-3 Pa m3/s 级泄漏在特定工况下形成可分峰。" } ], "validation": "水回路台架，两处相距 1 m 的 10^-3 Pa m3/s 级泄漏在特定工况下形成可分峰。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "示踪溶解、壁吸附、多个并发泄漏、背景 QMS 峰和真实几何会破坏简单时间差定位；台架不能替代核设施资格。", "twinRelevance": "把水路一维输运、真空泵送和传感器响应组合为泄漏定位孪生，可指导隔离和远程维护。", "papers": [ { "title": "Development of water leak detection method in fusion reactors using water-soluble gas", "authors": "S. Hiroki; S. Tanzawa; T. Arai; T. Abe", "year": 2008, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.06.025", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.06.025", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed component test" }, { "title": "Spectroscopic localization of water leaks in ITER", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2013, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920379612005790", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed design/simulation study" } ], "code": [ { "name": "leak transport/localization model", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "未发现公开实现。" } ], "organizations": [ "Japan Atomic Energy Agency" ], "tags": [ "water-leak", "tracer-gas", "mass-spectrometry", "localization" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-012", "projectId": "jet-aghs-gas-chromatography", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG4", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "PROBE_SAMPLING", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "JET 氚燃料循环在线气相色谱与物料衡算", "titleEn": "JET tritium-fuel-cycle gas chromatography and material accountancy", "technique": "在线气相色谱、氚过程组分与动态物料衡算", "problem": "AGHS 需分析 H/D/T、氦和含氚杂质，支持同位素分离、回收、再供给与安全物料衡算。", "measurementPrinciple": "中央 analytical GC 通过长取样管连接各子系统，使用 thermal-conductivity、flame-ionization 和 ionization-chamber detectors；建立校准因子、精度和最低检出限。", "quantities": [ "氢同位素/杂质浓度", "色谱保留时间 [s]", "批次/流量", "氚库存与衡算差" ], "region": [ "fuel-cycle", "tritium-plant", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "批次采样/分钟级分析与 campaign 物料衡算", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "gas chromatographs", "TCD", "FID", "ionization chambers", "mass spectrometers" ], "calibration": "使用可追溯标准混合气、保留时间和响应因子校准，并以批次样品、流量计和库存记录进行交叉核对。", "inference": "色谱峰识别/积分与过程流量、容器状态联合，形成带时间戳的组分和物料衡算。", "devices": [ { "name": "JET Active Gas Handling System", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "DTE1 氚 commissioning 和运行，论文记录约 318 次分析；近期 D-T campaigns 形成更大运行经验。" } ], "validation": "JET DTE1 氚装置 commissioning 和在线运行，论文记录约 318 次分析；近期 D-T campaigns 形成更大运行经验。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "取样延迟、记忆效应、手工转移和测量不确定度影响动态 inventory；历史 JET 系统不能直接满足未来监管要求。", "twinRelevance": "应将每次转移、容器状态、分析结果与不确定度写入守恒账本，做动态氚 inventory reconciliation。", "papers": [ { "title": "The analytical gas chromatographic system of the JET Active Gas Handling System — tritium commissioning and use during DTE1", "authors": "R. Lässer; A.C. Bell; B. Grieveson; J.L. Hemmerich; R. Stagg; G.V. Atkins", "year": 1999, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/s0920-3796(99)00090-3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(99)00090-3", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed plant-operation paper" }, { "title": "JET Active Gas Handling System—operating experience and lessons learned from recent D-T campaigns", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2024, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000179367", "sourceType": "facility-team primary operations paper" } ], "code": [ { "name": "JET AGHS process control/accountancy", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "生产 DCS、配方和账户数据库未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "UK Atomic Energy Authority", "JET Team" ], "tags": [ "gas-chromatography", "tritium", "fuel-cycle", "accountancy" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-013", "projectId": "demo-raman-tritium-analysis", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "LASER", "PROBE_SAMPLING", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "DEMO 实时激光拉曼氚过程气体分析原型", "titleEn": "Compact real-time laser Raman process-gas analysis prototype for DEMO tritium accountancy", "technique": "实时激光拉曼过程气体分析与氚衡算原型", "problem": "未来燃料循环流程多、存量大，离线取样无法及时闭合动态氚账户或控制同位素分离。", "measurementPrinciple": "紧凑激光 Raman 单元远程测量氢同位素气体组分，在恒流浓度变化台架上测试 tracking，并面向在线 accountancy。", "quantities": [ "Raman 峰位 [cm-1]", "谱峰强度", "氢同位素分子浓度", "浓度不确定度与更新率" ], "region": [ "fuel-cycle", "tritium-plant", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "实时/准实时过程分析，秒—分钟", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "laser Raman spectrometer", "flow/pressure/temperature", "reference gas/calibration cell" ], "calibration": "以已知同位素混合气建立峰位、仪器响应和浓度标定曲线，并检查激光功率、光路和窗口漂移。", "inference": "光谱基线扣除、峰拟合和响应因子换算得到多组分浓度，再进入动态物料衡算。", "devices": [ { "name": "DEMO fuel-cycle prototype", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "原型台架；远程分析和浓度变化 tracking demonstration。" } ], "validation": "原型台架；远程分析和浓度变化 tracking demonstration。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "光谱重叠、光路污染、辐照、流量/温压补偿和法规计量溯源仍待集成验证。", "twinRelevance": "可把光谱反演、流量计量和守恒约束融合为燃料循环状态估计器。", "papers": [ { "title": "Development of a compact real-time process gas analysis system for tritium accountancy for a DEMO fusion reactor by an application of laser Raman spectroscopy", "authors": "Shigeru O’hira; Yuki Edao; Kanetsugu Isobe; Yasunori Iwai", "year": 2021, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112502", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112502", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed prototype paper" } ], "code": [ { "name": "Raman concentration/accountancy software", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "校准和反演软件未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology" ], "tags": [ "Raman", "tritium", "process-analysis", "accountancy" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-014", "projectId": "jet-exhaust-detritiation-monitoring", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "PROBE_SAMPLING", "ENGINEERING_SENSOR" ], "title": "JET 排气去氚系统腐蚀失效诊断与替换后运行监测", "titleEn": "Corrosion diagnosis, replacement and monitoring of the JET exhaust detritiation system", "technique": "排气去氚系统腐蚀失效诊断与替换后运行监测", "problem": "含卤素意外进入催化重组器后生成酸，造成冷凝管路点蚀和穿透失效，威胁去氚和排放边界。", "measurementPrinciple": "失效分析定位腐蚀机理，替换 EDS 并加入 Ca(OH)2 酸钝化子系统；commissioning 测试进出口酸和 detritiation factor，运行中持续监视。", "quantities": [ "过程温度/压力/流量", "气体与水分组分", "腐蚀/泄漏状态", "去氚效率与可用率" ], "region": [ "exhaust-detritiation", "fuel-cycle", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "过程分钟—小时；腐蚀为 campaign/寿命尺度", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "gas composition", "tritium monitors", "acid detection/sampling", "pressure/flow/temperature", "corrosion inspection" ], "calibration": "过程仪表按工厂程序校验，并通过材料检查、泄漏试验、commissioning 物料平衡和替换前后趋势核对。", "inference": "过程趋势、物料衡算和设备状态残差用于定位腐蚀、堵塞或效率退化；公开证据未给出通用预测模型。", "devices": [ { "name": "JET Active Gas Handling System", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "替换系统的 commissioning 与最近 D-T campaigns 运行。" } ], "validation": "替换系统的 commissioning 与最近 D-T campaigns 运行。", "evidenceLevel": "E4", "deploymentLevel": "D4", "limitations": "特定卤素事件和化学工艺不能泛化为所有腐蚀模式；在线腐蚀速率与剩余寿命仍需模型/检验结合。", "twinRelevance": "展示异常事件—根因—设计变更—commissioning—性能指标闭环，是资产孪生和经验复用的范例。", "papers": [ { "title": "JET Exhaust Detritiation System replacement—design, commissioning, and operation", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2023, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://scientific-publications.ukaea.uk/papers/jet-exhaust-detritiation-system-replacement-design-commissioning-and-operation", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed plant commissioning/operation paper" } ], "code": [ { "name": "JET EDS control and monitoring", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "生产流程和 historian 未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "UK Atomic Energy Authority", "JET Team" ], "tags": [ "detritiation", "corrosion", "fuel-cycle", "condition-monitoring" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-015", "projectId": "iter-remote-inspection-maintenance", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG7", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL", "ENGINEERING_SENSOR", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "ITER 在役远程视觉、计量与诊断维护", "titleEn": "ITER in-vessel remote viewing, metrology and diagnostic maintenance", "technique": "在役远程视觉、几何计量与机器人维护诊断", "problem": "D-T 后活化和氚污染使人员无法进入，需在低可视、辐照、真空和狭窄空间中检查 PFC、定位缺陷并维护诊断。", "measurementPrinciple": "IVVS、多用途部署器、转运/热室系统与 eye-in-hand 视觉/三维标记完成检查和计量；通过全尺寸 mock-up、远程连接器和维护流程试验验证。", "quantities": [ "部件位姿 [m/rad]", "尺寸/间隙 [mm]", "图像缺陷与污染", "机器人关节/载荷状态", "任务与证据状态" ], "region": [ "in-vessel", "remote-maintenance", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "脉冲间检查、停堆维护小时—月", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "radiation-tolerant cameras", "structured/marker vision", "joint encoders", "force/torque", "tool status", "metrology targets" ], "calibration": "以相机内外参、机器人运动学、计量基准件和全尺寸 mock-up 校准，并对连接器/工具重复定位和辐照后漂移复验。", "inference": "视觉配准、尺寸/间隙判据、变化检测与机器人状态一致性检查支持人工审批；自动化边界取决于已验证算法。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER remote handling prototypes", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "设计、部件样机和全尺寸关键接口/载荷演示；尚无活化 ITER in-vessel operation。" }, { "name": "RACE mock-ups", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "设计、部件样机和全尺寸关键接口/载荷演示；尚无活化 ITER in-vessel operation。" } ], "validation": "设计、部件样机和全尺寸关键接口/载荷演示；尚无活化 ITER in-vessel operation。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "mock-up 无法完全覆盖辐照、污染、视野退化、长时延和罕见 recovery；人的授权和应急接管不可省略。", "twinRelevance": "需要 as-maintained CAD、辐照剂量、可达性、工具/机器人健康和步骤证据共同驱动维护孪生。", "papers": [ { "title": "The remote handling systems for ITER", "authors": "Isabel Ribeiro; Carlo Damiani; Alessandro Tesini; Satoshi Kakudate; Mikko Siuko; Carlo Neri", "year": 2011, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.01.138", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.01.138", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed system design paper" }, { "title": "Design and Prototyping of Remote Handling Electrical Connector for Diagnostic Rack in ITER", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2023, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.jspf.or.jp/PFR/PFR_articles/pfr2023/pfr2023_18-1405070.html", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed component prototype" }, { "title": "Remote handling confirmed", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2018, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.iter.org/node/20687/remote-handling-confirmed", "sourceType": "official mock-up test report" } ], "code": [ { "name": "ITER RH/IVVS control and digital work instructions", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "生产机器人、视觉和流程软件受控。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization" ], "tags": [ "remote-handling", "robotics", "metrology", "visual-inspection" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-016", "projectId": "iter-cooling-water-monitoring", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "PROBE_SAMPLING", "ENGINEERING_SENSOR", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "ITER 冷却水系统的热工、水化学、氚与环境排放监测", "titleEn": "Thermal-hydraulic, chemistry, tritium and discharge monitoring for ITER cooling water", "technique": "冷却水热工、水化学、氚与环境排放综合监测", "problem": "多级闭式换热和开放式排热系统需监视巨大流量、温压、水化学与氚，既保障设备冷却也满足环境排放边界。", "measurementPrinciple": "在 TCWS/CCWS/HRS 测量 flow、temperature、pressure 和设备状态；排放控制池检测温度、pH、hydrocarbon、chloride、sulphate 与 tritium，越界禁止排放。", "quantities": [ "温度 [K]", "压力 [Pa]", "流量 [kg/s]", "电导率/pH/溶解组分", "氚活度 [Bq]", "排放量" ], "region": [ "cooling-water", "heat-rejection", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "秒—分钟过程控制；脉冲热负荷与季节性水质尺度", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "flowmeters", "temperature/pressure", "pH/conductivity/ion chemistry", "hydrocarbon analyzers", "tritium monitors" ], "calibration": "流量、温压、水化学和辐射监测器需按核设施计量链校准，并以取样实验室、质量/能量衡算和功能试验交叉验证。", "inference": "质量/能量衡算、化学限值、泄漏/氚趋势和排放许可规则联合产生状态与报警；安全职责保持独立。", "devices": [ { "name": "ITER cooling-water plant", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "官方系统设计/建设要求；截至报告日期尚无核运行性能证据。" } ], "validation": "官方系统设计/建设要求；截至报告日期尚无核运行性能证据。", "evidenceLevel": "E1", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "官方设计参数不是运行统计；传感器冗余、校准、SIL/核安全分级和在线质量控制需项目文件确认。", "twinRelevance": "电厂孪生需将 plasma pulse heat、组件热容、回路动态、冷却塔和排放许可统一计算，并保留测量不确定度。", "papers": [ { "title": "ITER Cooling Water", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2026, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.iter.org/machine/supporting-systems/cooling-water", "sourceType": "official system description" } ], "code": [ { "name": "ITER TCWS/CCWS/HRS I&C", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "生产 I&C 和 historian 未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "ITER Organization" ], "tags": [ "cooling-water", "water-chemistry", "tritium", "environmental-monitoring" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-017", "projectId": "eu-demo-bop-condition-monitoring-gap", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "EU-DEMO 能量转换与 BOP 状态监测的公开证据缺口", "titleEn": "Evidence gap for condition monitoring of EU-DEMO power conversion and balance of plant", "technique": "能量转换/BOP 状态监测需求与证据缺口分析", "problem": "脉冲聚变热源通过 PHTS、储能、蒸汽发生器、汽轮机/发电机转换为电力；转子振动、轴承、阀门、换热器污堵、热应力和效率退化需要监测，但当前没有运行中的聚变电厂验证。", "measurementPrinciple": "公开 EU-DEMO 研究主要比较热力架构、脉冲缓冲和循环效率；未来需引入工业汽轮机振动/油液/温压、发电机局放/电气、换热器性能和阀泵健康，并用热力孪生做残差。", "quantities": [ "蒸汽/工质温度与压力", "流量", "换热器温差", "泵/汽轮机振动", "发电功率与效率", "储能状态" ], "region": [ "balance-of-plant", "power-conversion", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "毫秒电气扰动、秒—小时热力动态、月—年退化", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "shaft vibration/position", "bearing temperature/oil debris", "pressure/flow/temperature", "generator electrical/partial discharge", "valve/pump status", "chemistry" ], "calibration": "公开研究尚未形成聚变电厂装置级标定方案；未来须按汽轮机、泵、换热器、储能和核级仪表标准建立可追溯校准。", "inference": "概念上可用热力学残差、性能曲线、振动特征和寿命模型做健康估计，但本记录不声称已在聚变发电厂部署。", "devices": [ { "name": "EU-DEMO conceptual BOP; no fusion-plant deployment", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "E0：系统设计/仿真；不存在聚变发电运行数据。" } ], "validation": "E0：系统设计/仿真；不存在聚变发电运行数据。", "evidenceLevel": "E0", "deploymentLevel": "D1", "limitations": "不能用常规电厂传感器清单冒充 fusion validation；脉冲热源、核边界、氚渗透和高可用率会改变故障模式。", "twinRelevance": "路线应从可校核热平衡和设备 residual 开始，逐步接入旋转设备与电气健康，而非直接训练无真值的全厂 AI。", "papers": [ { "title": "Water cooled lithium lead balance of plant indirectly coupled with power conversion system operated with small energy storage in EU DEMO", "authors": "Andrea Burlando; Luciana Barucca; Fabio Giannetti; Cristiano Ciurluini; Francesco Colliva; Giorgio Mongiardini; Carlo Bima; Alberto Traverso; Amelia Tincani; Marco Mantero", "year": 2026, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115517", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115517", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed conceptual system study" } ], "code": [ { "name": "EU-DEMO BOP condition-monitoring implementation", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "未发现装置级公开实现或数据集。" } ], "organizations": [ "EUROfusion" ], "tags": [ "BOP", "power-conversion", "evidence-gap", "condition-monitoring" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-018", "projectId": "w7x-coil-protection", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "W7-X 超导线圈独立保护与设备状态链", "titleEn": "Independent superconducting-coil protection and machine-state chain on W7-X", "technique": "超导线圈独立保护与设备状态监测链", "problem": "五十个非平面线圈和二十个平面线圈的复杂耦合需要可靠识别失超并快速释放能量，避免级联损伤。", "measurementPrinciple": "独立保护系统监视线圈电压/电流与状态，触发断路/放电电阻；关键组件在系统集成前做试验。", "quantities": [ "线圈差分电压 [V]", "电流 [A]", "温度 [K]", "保护状态与触发时刻" ], "region": [ "magnet", "cryogenic-system", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "失超毫秒—秒；冷却/恢复小时—天", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "voltage taps", "current transducers", "temperature/pressure", "breaker/discharge resistor state" ], "calibration": "通过通道注入、桥路平衡、组件试验和装置 commissioning 核对探测器、冗余逻辑与独立保护动作。", "inference": "多通道电压残差、持续时间和冗余符合逻辑识别失超；最终动作由独立保护系统执行。", "devices": [ { "name": "Wendelstein 7-X", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "保护系统组件试验和 W7-X 集成/运行；公开论文以设计和初步试验为主。" } ], "validation": "保护系统组件试验和 W7-X 集成/运行；公开论文以设计和初步试验为主。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "旧设计论文不覆盖全部后续修改和运行统计；保护系统的安全完整性不能由论文推断。", "twinRelevance": "孪生只能旁路解释和预测，不能替代独立硬接线/安全仪表保护；应记录触发因果和恢复过程。", "papers": [ { "title": "Protection system for the superconducting coils in WENDELSTEIN 7-X", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2003, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0920379603002667", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed protection-system paper" } ], "code": [ { "name": "W7-X coil protection logic", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "生产安全逻辑受控。" } ], "organizations": [ "Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics", "W7-X Team" ], "tags": [ "quench", "coil-protection", "stellarator", "safety-instrumentation" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-019", "projectId": "nstxu-physics-engineering-data-archive", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG10", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "NSTX-U 物理诊断与工程 EPICS 数据的统一可追溯归档", "titleEn": "Traceable co-archiving of physics diagnostics and engineering EPICS data on NSTX-U", "technique": "MDSplus/EPICS 物理—工程数据统一时间、配置与证据归档", "problem": "设备故障、诊断异常和 plasma event 经常共享根因；若工程 EPICS、物理诊断、视频和分析产品分散，事后无法复原。", "measurementPrinciple": "MDSplus 按 shot/tree 保存原始、约化和分析物理数据；EPICS archiver 保存工程运行数据；CAMDATA 保存高速视频；logbook/Web Tools 和数据负责人制度维护可解释性。", "quantities": [ "统一时间戳", "工程单位", "通道质量标志", "配置版本", "shot/运行事件关联", "数据可用性" ], "region": [ "data-platform", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "实时/shot cycle 到长期归档", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "all physics diagnostics", "EPICS plant channels", "fast cameras", "analysis provenance" ], "calibration": "用时钟同步测试、通道映射审计、单位/量程核对、配置哈希与物理—工程事件对齐验证语义和时间一致性。", "inference": "跨 tree/EPICS 数据联接、缺失/坏道规则和来源追踪形成可审计状态；平台本身不替代物理反演。", "devices": [ { "name": "NSTX-U", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "官方数据管理计划和运行基础设施。" } ], "validation": "官方数据管理计划证明了拟采用的归档、访问与治理架构；本记录没有提供相应版本在 NSTX-U 例行放电中的端到端运行或长期服务指标。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "共用 shot number 不自动保证单位、时钟、坐标、质量位和数据版本一致；不同仓库权限和生命周期仍需编排。", "twinRelevance": "提供诊断数字孪生最低数据契约：原始信号、校准、约化值、权威分析、工程状态和责任人不可混成单一表。", "papers": [ { "title": "NSTX-U Data Management Plan", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2025, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://sites.google.com/a/pppl.gov/nstx-u/research/data-management-plan", "sourceType": "official facility data policy" } ], "code": [ { "name": "MDSplus", "url": "https://github.com/MDSplus/mdsplus", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "data-framework", "access": "open-or-public-interface", "relation": "官方使用的公共数据平台；NSTX-U trees/data separate." }, { "name": "NSTX-U Web Tools", "url": "https://nstx.pppl.gov/software-tools/WebTools/index.html", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "data-interface", "access": "open-or-public-interface", "relation": "装置官方可视化/访问入口。" } ], "organizations": [ "Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory", "NSTX-U Team" ], "tags": [ "MDSplus", "EPICS", "provenance", "data-governance" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "PDT-020", "projectId": "sparc-diagnostic-environmental-qualification", "primaryTask": "DG8", "relatedTasks": [ "DG0", "DG5", "DG11" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "ENGINEERING_SENSOR", "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "SPARC 诊断电子学与部件的强场、辐照、热、真空环境资格", "titleEn": "Environmental qualification of SPARC diagnostic components and electronics", "technique": "强磁、辐照、热、真空环境下的诊断部件资格与健康评估", "problem": "高场紧凑 D-T 机器的诊断需在机械冲击/振动、强磁、中子、热、真空和长距离屏蔽穿透下保持增益、噪声和真空边界。", "measurementPrinciple": "把 electronics/cameras/lasers 放在屏蔽墙外诊断实验室，端口内只保留必要部件；对 feedthrough、探测器和电子学进行 vibration/shock、magnetic-field/neutron exposure、thermal/vacuum tests，并以约五十套早期诊断统一系统工程。", "quantities": [ "增益/零点漂移", "噪声与带宽", "绝缘/漏电", "辐照剂量", "温度/真空/磁场应力", "资格裕量" ], "region": [ "diagnostic-port", "electronics", "plant" ], "temporalScale": "资格试验到 campaign 寿命；实时信号链微秒—秒", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "environmental test instrumentation", "detector dark/gain/noise", "vacuum leak", "temperature", "radiation dose", "magnetic field" ], "calibration": "环境试验前后以可追溯信号源和参考传感器复测增益、噪声、绝缘和时延，并记录试件、批次与配置。", "inference": "环境响应曲线、漂移预算和失效判据给出资格裕量；无 SPARC 等离子体运行前不得上升为在机可用率结论。", "devices": [ { "name": "SPARC diagnostic prototypes", "fit": "本工作所述系统、方法的目标装置或验证对象", "validation": "设计、样机和环境试验；无 SPARC plasma operation evidence。" } ], "validation": "设计、样机和环境试验；无 SPARC plasma operation evidence。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "单件环境试验不覆盖组合环境、长期活化和维护退化；设计成熟度不能写成 plasma 性能。", "twinRelevance": "诊断孪生应包含 sensor transfer function 随剂量、温度、磁场和维护的漂移，而非只存理想标定系数。", "papers": [ { "title": "Overview of the early campaign diagnostics for the SPARC tokamak (invited)", "authors": "M. L. Reinke; I. Abramovic; A. Albert; K. Asai; J. Ball; J. Batko; J. Brettingen; D. Brunner; M. Cario; J. Carmichael; C. Chrobak; A. Creely; et al. (87 authors)", "year": 2024, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0218254", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0218254", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed design/verification overview" }, { "title": "Progress on the design and prototyping of SPARC diagnostics", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2023, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://meetings-archive.aps.org/dpp/2023/jp11/136", "sourceType": "APS primary conference abstract" } ], "code": [ { "name": "SPARC qualification database and diagnostic configuration", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "production-software-or-configuration", "access": "closed", "relation": "生产 V&V 证据库未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "Commonwealth Fusion Systems", "MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center" ], "tags": [ "qualification", "radiation", "magnetic-field", "diagnostic-health" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DG6-033", "projectId": "fd-diag-plasma-033", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG6", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "LASER" ], "title": "W7-X 相位衬度成像合成诊断", "titleEn": "Synthetic phase-contrast imaging diagnostic for W7-X", "technique": "family: LASER；name: 相位衬度成像 / PCI", "problem": "测量宽波数/频率范围的线积分密度涨落和波传播。", "measurementPrinciple": "穿过等离子体的激光相位由密度扰动调制；相位板把相位变化转为探测器强度。", "quantities": [ "line-integrated density fluctuation", "wavenumber-frequency spectrum", "mode propagation" ], "region": [ "穿过核心/边缘的激光弦" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "CO2 laser", "phase plate", "imaging optics", "detector array" ], "calibration": "标定光学传递函数、相位板位置、探测器增益和空间频率映射。", "inference": "傅里叶/时频分析得到S(k,f)；合成诊断用线积分和光学传递函数比较模拟。", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "Alcator C-Mod", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "TCV", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "W7-X", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "直接来源是在 W7-X 几何和预期湍流场上开发的合成 PCI 诊断，用于设计与传递函数研究；不证明物理 PCI 已在装置部署。", "evidenceLevel": "E1", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "线积分导致径向定位弱；振动、折射和有限光学传递函数改变谱。", "twinRelevance": "适合直接验证湍流模拟的合成观测，不宜未经前向模型反演局部振幅。", "papers": [ { "title": "Development of a synthetic phase contrast imaging diagnostic for turbulence studies at Wendelstein 7-X", "authors": "S K Hansen; M Porkolab; J-P Bähner; Z Huang; A von Stechow; O Grulke; E M Edlund; F Wilms; A Bañón Navarro; F Jenko; E Sánchez", "year": 2022, "venue": "Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1361-6587/ac7ad2", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac7ad2", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed-journal" } ], "code": [ { "name": "装置专有分析/标定软件", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "operational-analysis-pipeline", "access": "not public", "relation": "各装置PCI标定与谱分析流水线未公开。" } ], "organizations": [ "MIT PSFC", "General Atomics", "EPFL", "Max Planck IPP" ], "tags": [ "PCI", "density-fluctuation", "turbulence", "synthetic-diagnostic" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-009", "projectId": "cherab-raysect", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG3", "DG4", "DG7" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "CHERAB–Raysect 三维光谱与辐射合成诊断", "titleEn": "CHERAB–Raysect 3D Spectroscopic and Radiation Synthetic Diagnostics", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；methods: Monte Carlo ray tracing；spectral emission models；CAD geometry；instrument function", "problem": "单射线近似忽略有限孔径、视场、遮挡、渐晕和复杂三维结构，会系统性偏置光谱与辐射反演矩阵。", "measurementPrinciple": "从等离子体发射率与原子过程出发，经 Raysect 在 CAD 场景中追踪光子，积分孔径、光学与探测器响应生成像素/通道级信号。", "quantities": [ "spectra", "radiance", "bolometer power", "line-integrated emission", "etendue" ], "region": [ "核心、边界、偏滤器及复杂端口视线" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "spectrometers", "bolometers", "cameras", "CAD geometry" ], "calibration": "支持仪器函数与几何响应；绝对灵敏度、镜面反射率和污染演化需从实验校准输入。", "inference": "forward operator；geometry matrix；synthetic images/spectra", "devices": [ { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER design studies", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "AUG bolometer有限体积射线追踪与解析几何基准对比，并显示单射线近似在强梯度区不足。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "计算成本受光子数与复杂 CAD 影响；表面反射、原子数据和时变光学污染的不确定度常未联合传播。", "twinRelevance": "可作为三维孪生的观测算子，把物理状态变成与真实通道同构的合成数据。", "papers": [ { "title": "Description of complex viewing geometries of fusion tomography diagnostics by ray-tracing", "authors": "M. Carr; A. Meakins; M. Bernert; P. David; C. Giroud; J. Harrison; S. Henderson; B. Lipschultz; F. Reimold", "year": 2018, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.5031087", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5031087", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary validation" }, { "title": "CHERAB Spectroscopy Modelling Framework", "authors": "Dr Carine Giroud; Dr Alex Meakins; Dr Matthew Carr; Dr Alfonso Baciero; Mr Corentin Bertrand", "year": 2018, "venue": "Zenodo", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.1206142", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1206142", "sourceType": "official software archive" } ], "code": [ { "name": "CHERAB Core", "url": "https://github.com/cherab/core", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "CHERAB 团队维护的等离子体发射与观测建模核心。" }, { "name": "Raysect", "url": "https://github.com/raysect/source", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "CHERAB 使用的官方科学射线追踪底座。" }, { "name": "CHERAB-IMAS", "url": "https://github.com/cherab/imas", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "将 IMAS 数据映射到 CHERAB 场景的项目官方适配层。" } ], "organizations": [ "UK Atomic Energy Authority", "EUROfusion", "CHERAB collaboration" ], "tags": [ "synthetic-diagnostic", "ray-tracing", "spectroscopy", "bolometry", "CAD" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-010", "projectId": "cherab-ts", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "LASER" ], "title": "CHERAB 汤姆孙散射合成诊断模块", "titleEn": "CHERAB Thomson Scattering Synthetic Diagnostic Module", "technique": "family: LASER；methods: Selden spectrum；ray tracing；spectrometer response；photon statistics", "problem": "TS 系统设计与分析需要把激光几何、散射谱、收集光学、滤波通道和噪声共同纳入，而非只评估理想散射强度。", "measurementPrinciple": "沿激光束计算电子散射谱，经三维光学与多通道探测响应得到合成光电子计数，再以与实验相同算法反演 Te/ne。", "quantities": [ "electron temperature", "electron density", "channel photon counts", "spectral response" ], "region": [ "核心或边界激光散射体积" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "pulsed laser", "collection optics", "polychromator", "photodetectors" ], "calibration": "需要激光能量、相对/绝对光谱响应、暗噪声和几何标定；合成链可用于闭合测试这些量的影响。", "inference": "spectral fitting；Te/ne retrieval；design sensitivity", "devices": [ { "name": "COMPASS", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "generic tokamak TS designs", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "模块用 COMPASS 边缘 TS 几何和参数展示设计与性能评估，并对物理与数值部件进行模块化核验。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "真实杂散光、探测器非线性、辐照退化和脉冲间漂移需要装置特定模型；示例不构成多装置绝对计量验证。", "twinRelevance": "展示了“前向观测算子—噪声—同算法反演”的完整闭合环，可直接作为诊断 VVUQ 模板。", "papers": [ { "title": "Thomson scattering synthetic diagnostic module for the Cherab framework", "authors": "M. Tomes; M. Carr; A. Meakins; M. Sos; P. Bohm; P. Bilkova; M. Imrisek; F. Jaulmes; I. Borodkina; J. Hecko; M. Hron; R. Panek", "year": 2021, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0043786", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043786", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary method report" } ], "code": [ { "name": "CHERAB Thomson scattering module", "url": "https://github.com/cherab/core", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "TS 物理与光学实现属于 CHERAB 官方代码体系。" } ], "organizations": [ "Budapest University of Technology and Economics", "UK Atomic Energy Authority", "COMPASS team" ], "tags": [ "Thomson-scattering", "synthetic-diagnostic", "Te", "ne", "optics" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-011", "projectId": "fidasim", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG3", "DG5" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "FIDASIM 快离子 Dα 与中性粒子分析器合成诊断", "titleEn": "FIDASIM Synthetic FIDA and Neutral Particle Analyzer", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；methods: neutral-beam deposition；collisional-radiative model；Monte Carlo halo neutrals；spectral forward model", "problem": "FIDA/NPA 信号同时受快离子相空间、束中性化、荷交换、原子过程、视线和仪器函数影响，不能直接解释为局部快离子密度。", "measurementPrinciple": "从平衡、背景等离子体、束和快离子分布出发，计算中性束/halo 与荷交换发射，沿真实视线生成光谱或粒子通量。", "quantities": [ "FIDA spectra", "NPA flux", "fast-ion phase-space sensitivity", "neutron-related sources" ], "region": [ "中性束路径与快离子可观测相空间" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "FIDA spectrometers", "NPA", "neutral beam injectors" ], "calibration": "要求波长、绝对辐射、视线、NBI 功率/组分和 NPA 能量响应校准；代码本身不替代实验标定。", "inference": "weight functions；forward spectra；fast-ion distribution comparison", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "NSTX-U", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "W7-X and others", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "论文报告 FIDA 光谱与 NPA 通量建模进展，并在多个装置与实验光谱、其他代码和已知原子过程比较；属于真实装置数据的离线交叉验证，不等同常规在线诊断服务。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "原子截面、halo neutrals、3D 场、被动背景和相空间欠定性限制反演；运行成本高于实时需求。", "twinRelevance": "是快离子孪生的高保真观测算子，可为代理模型、诊断设计和多诊断贝叶斯融合生成训练/验证数据。", "papers": [ { "title": "Progress in modelling fast-ion D-alpha spectra and neutral particle analyzer fluxes using FIDASIM", "authors": "B. Geiger; L. Stagner; W.W. Heidbrink; R. Dux; R. Fischer; Y. Fujiwara; A.V. Garcia; A. S. Jacobsen; A. Jansen van Vuuren; A. N. Karpushov; D. Liu; P. A. Schneider; et al. (15 authors)", "year": 2020, "venue": "Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1361-6587/aba8d7", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aba8d7", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary multi-device report" } ], "code": [ { "name": "FIDASIM", "url": "https://github.com/D3DEnergetic/FIDASIM", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "DIII-D Energetic Particle Physics 团队维护的官方仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "General Atomics DIII-D Energetic Particle Physics", "international FIDA collaboration" ], "tags": [ "FIDA", "NPA", "fast-ion", "neutral-beam", "forward-model" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-012", "projectId": "soft", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG5", "DG7" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "SOFT 逃逸电子同步辐射合成诊断", "titleEn": "SOFT Synthetic Synchrotron Diagnostic for Runaway Electrons", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；methods: guiding-center orbit following；synchrotron emission；camera/spectrometer projection；Green functions", "problem": "同步辐射图像强烈依赖磁场、观测方向和逃逸电子能量—俯仰—空间分布，简单局部发射模型会误判电子相空间。", "measurementPrinciple": "在给定磁平衡中追踪导引中心，计算相对论同步辐射的角度/频谱分布并投影到相机或光谱仪。", "quantities": [ "synchrotron images", "spectra", "runaway energy/pitch sensitivity", "emission Green functions" ], "region": [ "逃逸电子束及可见/红外视场" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "visible/IR cameras", "spectrometers" ], "calibration": "依赖相机几何、光谱响应、绝对灵敏度和背景标定；前向模型需要与校准后的图像同单位比较。", "inference": "parameter scans；distribution-function fitting；design assessment", "devices": [ { "name": "Alcator C-Mod", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "TCV", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JT-60SA design", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "SPARC design", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "FTU", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "原始论文重现 C-Mod 图像；TCV 垂直移动束实验与预测吻合；SPARC/JT-60SA 用于诊断设计可行性。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "逃逸电子分布通常外部给定且反演不唯一；壁反射、背景、3D 扰动和碰撞/辐射动力学误差需联合评估。", "twinRelevance": "把灾变快电子状态映射为真实相机信号，可用于风险场景回放、观测器设计和异常解释。", "papers": [ { "title": "SOFT: a synthetic synchrotron diagnostic for runaway electrons", "authors": "M. Hoppe; O. Embréus; R.A. Tinguely; R.S. Granetz; A. Stahl; T. Fülöp", "year": 2018, "venue": "Nuclear Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1741-4326/aa9abb", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa9abb", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary validation" }, { "title": "Synthetic measurements of runaway electron synchrotron emission in the SPARC tokamak", "authors": "R. A. Tinguely; A. M. Rosenthal; M. Silva Sa; M. Jean; I. Abramovic", "year": 2024, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0219477", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219477", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary design study" } ], "code": [ { "name": "SOFT", "url": "https://github.com/hoppe93/SOFT", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "主要作者维护的官方公开仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "Chalmers University of Technology", "MIT PSFC", "EPFL", "Commonwealth Fusion Systems" ], "tags": [ "runaway-electron", "synchrotron", "camera", "spectrum", "synthetic-diagnostic" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-013", "projectId": "tofu", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG4", "DG7", "DG10" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "ToFu 三维几何、辐射前向模型与层析工具箱", "titleEn": "ToFu 3D Geometry, Radiation Forward Modelling and Tomography", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；methods: 3D diagnostic geometry；line integration；visibility matrix；tomographic inversion", "problem": "辐射诊断需要在同一工具中管理装置 CAD、孔径/探测器几何、视线矩阵、合成信号和反演。", "measurementPrinciple": "从三维几何建立通道可见性与积分算子，将二维/三维发射率投影为通道信号，并提供逆问题算法。", "quantities": [ "emissivity", "line-integrated brightness", "visibility matrices", "tomographic maps" ], "region": [ "核心、边界、偏滤器和任意三维视线" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "bolometers", "soft-x-ray arrays", "cameras", "spectrometers" ], "calibration": "可保存通道几何与响应；绝对标定、坏道和时变遮挡仍需作为数据输入和误差模型。", "inference": "forward projection；tomographic inversion；geometry optimisation", "devices": [ { "name": "WEST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET/ITER-oriented geometries", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "generic tokamaks and stellarators", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "官方仓库包含几何、合成信号和反演示例及测试；被用于聚变诊断设计与分析工作流。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "物理发射模型覆盖不如专用光谱代码；复杂反射、非线性探测器和完整协方差需外接。", "twinRelevance": "适合建立可版本化的“几何—观测矩阵—反演”资产，并在 CAD 更新后自动重算。", "papers": [ { "title": "ToFu official documentation", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2026, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://tofuproject.github.io/tofu/index.html", "sourceType": "official project documentation" } ], "code": [ { "name": "ToFu", "url": "https://github.com/ToFuProject/tofu", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "ToFuProject 官方公开仓库，含几何、前向与反演实现。" } ], "organizations": [ "CEA IRFM", "ToFuProject contributors" ], "tags": [ "tomography", "geometry", "forward-model", "bolometry", "WEST" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-015", "projectId": "xicsrt", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG3", "DG4" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "XICSRT 晶体 X 射线成像光谱射线追踪", "titleEn": "XICSRT X-ray Crystal Imaging Spectrometer Ray Tracing", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；methods: photon Monte Carlo；Bragg diffraction；crystal rocking curve；detector projection", "problem": "XICS/XRCS 的弯晶、像差、空间—光谱耦合和有限探测器几何难以用解析公式充分描述。", "measurementPrinciple": "发射光子在三维场景中传播，经晶体 Bragg 反射与摇摆曲线采样后到达探测器，生成合成二维谱图。", "quantities": [ "x-ray spectral images", "instrument function", "Bragg response", "spatial/spectral resolution" ], "region": [ "核心高温离子与杂质观测视场" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "bent crystals", "x-ray detectors", "collimators" ], "calibration": "需要晶体曲率/取向、晶格常数、摇摆曲线、探测器像素和能量响应；可用已知线源或装置谱线闭合。", "inference": "instrument response；spectral image synthesis；design optimisation", "devices": [ { "name": "W7-X", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER XRCS-Core design", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "NIF-related crystal systems", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "官方项目包含分析基准和装置几何示例；ITER XRCS-Core 工作用其评估成像和光谱性能。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "等离子体发射与原子模型需外部输入；晶体缺陷、辐照漂移和背景散射模型有限。", "twinRelevance": "把核心离子/杂质状态变为真实探测器平面的二维证据，是晶体光谱孪生的观测算子。", "papers": [ { "title": "XICSRT documentation", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2026, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://xicsrt.readthedocs.io", "sourceType": "official project documentation" }, { "title": "Synthetic modeling of ITER XRCS-Core diagnostic", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2020, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://meetings-archive.aps.org/dpp/2020/jp13/96", "sourceType": "APS primary conference abstract" } ], "code": [ { "name": "XICSRT", "url": "https://github.com/PrincetonUniversity/xicsrt", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "Princeton University 官方组织下的开源仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory", "Princeton University", "ITER XRCS team" ], "tags": [ "XICS", "x-ray", "Bragg", "ray-tracing", "ITER" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-016", "projectId": "ecrad", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "MICROWAVE" ], "title": "ECRad 电子回旋辐射输运与 ECE 合成诊断", "titleEn": "ECRad Electron Cyclotron Radiation Transport and Synthetic ECE", "technique": "family: MICROWAVE；methods: geometrical optics；radiative transfer；relativistic absorption/emission；warm resonance", "problem": "高温、斜视、低光学厚度或非热电子条件下，ECE 亮温不再简单等于局部电子温度。", "measurementPrinciple": "沿 ECE 视线求解回旋辐射传输，计算发射、吸收、偏振和共振展宽，生成频率通道的合成辐射温度。", "quantities": [ "ECE spectra", "radiation temperature", "birthplace distribution", "optical depth" ], "region": [ "核心到边缘回旋共振层" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "ECE radiometers", "ECE imaging optics" ], "calibration": "需绝对辐射、频率响应、视线和磁场标定；模型可预测每通道出生位置与非局域响应。", "inference": "Te interpretation；forward spectra；diagnostic design；non-thermal sensitivity", "devices": [ { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "TCV", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER-oriented studies", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "various ECE systems", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "参考论文对常规、斜视和成像 ECE 情况进行核验，并与既有模型/实验数据应用比较；支持真实装置数据的分析验证，但未证明常规在线部署。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "几何光学在强衍射/模式转换条件受限；分布函数、壁反射和磁场误差会产生结构性偏差。", "twinRelevance": "是电子温度孪生连接微波观测的高保真前向模型，可生成通道响应和模型失配指标。", "papers": [ { "title": "ECRad: An electron cyclotron radiation transport solver for advanced data analysis in thermal and non-thermal fusion plasmas", "authors": "S.S. Denk; R. Fischer; E. Poli; O. Maj; S.K. Nielsen; J. Rasmussen; M. Stejner; M. Willensdorfer", "year": 2020, "venue": "Computer Physics Communications", "doi": "10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107175", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107175", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary code report" } ], "code": [ { "name": "ECRad", "url": "https://github.com/AreWeDreaming/ECRad", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "主要开发团队维护的公开代码。" } ], "organizations": [ "Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics", "EPFL" ], "tags": [ "ECE", "radiative-transfer", "Te", "microwave", "forward-model" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-017", "projectId": "refmul-family", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2", "DG6" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "MICROWAVE" ], "title": "REFMUL 系列反射计全波合成诊断", "titleEn": "REFMUL Family Full-Wave Reflectometry Synthetic Diagnostics", "technique": "family: MICROWAVE；methods: 2D/3D FDTD；full-wave propagation；turbulent density fields；antenna response", "problem": "反射计相位/幅度受截止层、湍流、多重散射、曲率和天线几何影响，几何光学在强涨落下失效。", "measurementPrinciple": "在给定密度场和磁/介电模型中用 FDTD 推进电磁波，记录天线处复信号并按实验链解调。", "quantities": [ "complex reflected field", "phase", "amplitude", "Doppler spectrum", "correlation" ], "region": [ "边缘至核心截止层与湍流区" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "launch/receive antennas", "waveguides", "reflectometers" ], "calibration": "需频率扫掠、I/Q、延迟、波导和天线方向图标定；FDTD 网格/边界的数值色散也需基准。", "inference": "density-profile interpretation；turbulence response；Doppler reflectometry synthetic signal", "devices": [ { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D/KSTAR imaging-reflectometry studies", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DEMO design studies", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "综述记录 REFMUL、REFMULF、REFMUL3 与实验/其他全波代码的长期比较；DEMO 研究用于可测性评估。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "3D 全波计算昂贵；边界条件、天线近场和湍流输入决定结果，专用实现未发现可核验公共仓库。", "twinRelevance": "为密度/湍流孪生提供强非线性观测算子，也适合作为实时代理模型的教师模型。", "papers": [ { "title": "An overview of the evolution of the modeling of reflectometry diagnostics in fusion plasmas using finite-difference time-domain codes", "authors": "F. da Silva; S. Heuraux; T. Ribeiro; E. Ricardo; J. Santos; A. Silva; J. Ferreira; J. Vicente; G. De Masi; O. Tudisco; R. Cavazzana; G. Marchiori; et al. (14 authors)", "year": 2024, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2024.114354", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2024.114354", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed author review of primary code family" }, { "title": "On the edge turbulence effects on the density profile reconstruction using O-mode reflectometers", "authors": "E. Ricardo; F. da Silva; S. Heuraux; A. Silva", "year": 2021, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112652", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112652", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary simulation" } ], "code": [ { "name": "REFMUL/REFMULF/REFMUL3", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "未核验到开发团队公开的可下载生产仓库；论文仅描述代码。" } ], "organizations": [ "Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear", "EUROfusion" ], "tags": [ "reflectometry", "FDTD", "full-wave", "density", "turbulence" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-018", "projectId": "xgc1-synthetic-bes", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2", "DG6" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "XGC1—BES 全光学合成诊断", "titleEn": "XGC1 Synthetic Beam Emission Spectroscopy", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；methods: gyrokinetic turbulence input；beam emission model；3D optical integration；detector point-spread function", "problem": "BES 测得的密度涨落会被有限束宽、寿命效应、视场重叠和光学点扩散卷积，不能直接等同于局部模拟密度。", "measurementPrinciple": "把 XGC1 边缘湍流映射到中性束发射，经真实三维束和光学系统积分到探测通道。", "quantities": [ "BES intensity fluctuations", "cross-correlation", "wavenumber response", "apparent velocity" ], "region": [ "边缘/台基中性束截面" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "neutral beam", "collection optics", "photodetector array" ], "calibration": "需束几何、滤光片、光学 PSF、通道增益和噪声标定；合成链可闭合检查空间分辨。", "inference": "turbulence validation；synthetic correlation；diagnostic transfer function", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D-like BES geometry with XGC1 edge simulations", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "论文对光学集成、现实束模型和 XGC1 数据进行端到端合成，量化诊断卷积对湍流统计的影响。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "验证依赖特定模拟和诊断几何；XGC1/原子发射/光学误差未形成统一后验，专用流水线未公开。", "twinRelevance": "是“模拟场不能直接与诊断量比较”的典型案例，要求孪生在观测空间做 V&V。", "papers": [ { "title": "Synthetic diagnostic for the beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic using a full optical integration", "authors": "L Hausammann; R M Churchill; L Shi", "year": 2017, "venue": "Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1361-6587/aa5234", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa5234", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary synthetic-diagnostic study" } ], "code": [ { "name": "XGC1-BES synthetic diagnostic workflow", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "论文专用端到端实现未发现公开仓库。" }, { "name": "XGC", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "XGC1 是物理输入代码；访问受协作与许可约束，且不是 BES 观测算子本体。" } ], "organizations": [ "Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory", "DIII-D collaboration" ], "tags": [ "BES", "XGC1", "turbulence", "optics", "validation" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-019", "projectId": "ascot5-synthetic-fi", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG5" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "ASCOT5 快离子轨道与多诊断合成响应", "titleEn": "ASCOT5 Fast-Ion Orbit Following and Synthetic Diagnostic Responses", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；methods: Monte Carlo orbit following；collisions；wall intersections；diagnostic weight functions", "problem": "快离子诊断对相空间的采样高度选择性，且受三维磁场、碰撞、损失轨道和壁几何共同影响。", "measurementPrinciple": "在平衡/三维场中推进快离子轨道与碰撞，计算分布和损失，再通过诊断权重或专用接口生成 CTS、NPA、FILD、IR、核反应等可观测量。", "quantities": [ "fast-ion distribution", "losses", "synthetic CTS/NPA/FILD/neutron responses" ], "region": [ "核心快离子相空间至第一壁" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "CTS", "NPA", "FILD", "IR camera", "neutron camera/activation probe" ], "calibration": "各下游诊断需独立响应和几何校准；ASCOT5 主要校验轨道/碰撞物理与壁交点。", "inference": "forward distribution；diagnostic comparison；loss mapping", "devices": [ { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "SPARC", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "W7-X", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "ASCOT5 对新经典输运解析结果和 ASCOT4 做验证；多装置研究比较多种快离子诊断的相空间覆盖。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "它是粒子物理教师模型而非统一仪器模拟器；诊断响应常由外部代码完成，计算成本高且输入场误差显著。", "twinRelevance": "支撑快离子状态—壁载荷—诊断响应的跨域闭环，可生成代理训练集和场景证据。", "papers": [ { "title": "High-performance orbit-following code ASCOT5 for Monte Carlo simulations in fusion plasmas", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2019, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.02482", "sourceType": "author primary preprint" }, { "title": "Comparative study of fast-ion diagnostics using orbit-following simulations", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2019, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.03284", "sourceType": "author primary preprint" } ], "code": [ { "name": "ASCOT5", "url": "https://github.com/ascot4fusion/ascot5", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "ASCOT 开发团队官方公开仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "Aalto University", "VTT", "EUROfusion fast-ion community" ], "tags": [ "ASCOT5", "fast-ion", "orbit-following", "wall-loss", "synthetic-diagnostic" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-020", "projectId": "dress-pydress", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG5" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "DRESS/pydress 任意反应物分布的聚变中子谱合成", "titleEn": "DRESS/pydress Fusion Neutron Spectra from Arbitrary Reactant Distributions", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；methods: fusion kinematics；Monte Carlo velocity distributions；differential cross sections；spectral synthesis", "problem": "非麦克斯韦、各向异性和快离子尾会改变中子能谱，仅用温度展宽公式无法解释燃烧等离子体。", "measurementPrinciple": "从任意反应物速度分布采样双体反应运动学与微分截面，生成观察方向相关的中子/产物能谱。", "quantities": [ "neutron energy spectrum", "reaction rate", "spectral moments", "anisotropy" ], "region": [ "核心 D-D/D-T 反应体积" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "neutron spectrometers" ], "calibration": "代码输出源谱；与探测数据比较前还需探测器响应矩阵、能标、效率、散射背景和绝对通量校准。", "inference": "ion-temperature interpretation；fast-ion tail sensitivity；source-spectrum prediction", "devices": [ { "name": "MAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "generic D-D/D-T devices", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER/DEMO scenario studies", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "方法论文给出运动学/截面核验；后续在 MAST 与实测中子谱和快离子模型比较。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "不含完整装置中子输运和探测器响应；反应物分布误差、核数据与背景会耦合。", "twinRelevance": "为聚变功率和燃料离子孪生提供源项观测算子，应与 OpenMC/MCNP 探测器输运串联。", "papers": [ { "title": "Calculating fusion neutron energy spectra from arbitrary reactant distributions", "authors": "J. Eriksson; S. Conroy; E. Andersson Sundén; C. Hellesen", "year": 2016, "venue": "Computer Physics Communications", "doi": "10.1016/j.cpc.2015.10.010", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2015.10.010", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary method report" }, { "title": "Validation of neutron emission and neutron energy spectrum calculations on a Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak with directional relativistic spectrum simulator", "authors": "A Sperduti; I Klimek; S Conroy; M Cecconello; M Gorelenkova; A Snicker", "year": 2021, "venue": "Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1361-6587/abca7d", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/abca7d", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary experimental validation" } ], "code": [ { "name": "pydress", "url": "https://github.com/jacob-eri/pydress", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "DRESS 作者发布的 Python 实现。" } ], "organizations": [ "Uppsala University", "MAST collaboration" ], "tags": [ "neutron-spectrum", "fusion-products", "kinematics", "MAST", "forward-model" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-021", "projectId": "scintsuite-fildsim", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG5", "DG7" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "ScintSuite/FILDSIM 快离子损失探针合成诊断", "titleEn": "ScintSuite/FILDSIM Synthetic Fast-Ion Loss Diagnostics", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；methods: charged-particle orbit tracing；collimator geometry；scintillator strike map；camera response", "problem": "FILD 闪烁图案由三维磁场、孔口、回旋半径/俯仰选择、闪烁屏响应与相机光学共同形成。", "measurementPrinciple": "从探针口前粒子分布追踪通过狭缝/针孔的轨道，在闪烁屏计算打击位置与响应并生成合成相机图。", "quantities": [ "pitch/gyroradius strike map", "loss flux", "synthetic scintillator image" ], "region": [ "等离子体边缘至壁内 FILD 探针" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "FILD head", "collimator", "scintillator", "camera" ], "calibration": "需探针位姿、狭缝尺寸、磁场、闪烁效率、光学畸变与相机增益标定。", "inference": "phase-space mapping；strike-map inversion；fast-ion loss interpretation", "devices": [ { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "W7-X", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D and other FILD-equipped devices", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "FILDSIM 新模型与数值/几何基准及装置数据比较；W7-X 工作与 ASCOT5 串联构建合成响应。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "探针扰动、材料退化、饱和和真实入射分布不确定；相机强度的绝对通量解释仍困难。", "twinRelevance": "将快离子损失和壁部件几何直接连接，适用于数字孪生中的局部风险和传感器响应评估。", "papers": [ { "title": "A new FILDSIM model for improved velocity-space sensitivity modelling and reconstructions", "authors": "Bo S Schmidt; Jesús Poley-Sanjuán; José Rueda-Rueda; Joaquín Galdon-Quíroga; Marcelo Baquero-Ruiz; Henrik Järleblad; Bernard C G Reman; Mads Rud; Andrea Valentini; Manuel García-Muñoz; Mirko Salewski", "year": 2024, "venue": "Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1361-6587/ad268f", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ad268f", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary method/validation" }, { "title": "Development of a scintillator based fast-ion loss detector for the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator", "authors": "A. Jansen van Vuuren; J. Garcia-Dominguez; J. Hidalgo-Salaverri; J. Segado-Fernandez; A. LeViness; J. Ayllon-Guerola; J. Rueda-Rueda; S.A. Lazerson; J. Galdon-Quiroga; M. Garcia-Munoz; N. Pablant", "year": 2024, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2024.114520", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2024.114520", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary device study" }, { "title": "Validation of a synthetic fast ion loss detector model for Wendelstein 7-X", "authors": "A. LeViness; S.A. Lazerson; A. Jansen van Vuuren; J. Rueda-Rueda; M. Beurskens; S. Bozhenkov; K.J. Brunner; O.P. Ford; G. Fuchert; M. Garcìa-Muñoz; M. Isobe; C. Killer; et al. (18 authors)", "year": 2024, "venue": "Nuclear Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1741-4326/ad6885", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad6885", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary experimental validation" } ], "code": [ { "name": "ScintSuite", "url": "https://github.com/JoseRuedaRueda/ScintSuite", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "主要开发者公开的 FILD/INPA 分析与合成诊断套件。" }, { "name": "ASCOT5", "url": "https://github.com/ascot4fusion/ascot5", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "为 W7-X 合成链提供到探针口的粒子分布，不是探针仪器模型。" } ], "organizations": [ "University of Seville", "Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics", "W7-X team" ], "tags": [ "FILD", "fast-ion-loss", "scintillator", "camera", "wall" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-022", "projectId": "renate", "primaryTask": "DG9", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2", "DG6" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "RENATE 三维束发射光谱合成诊断", "titleEn": "RENATE 3D Beam Emission Spectroscopy Synthetic Diagnostic", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；methods: collisional-radiative rate equations；beam attenuation；3D optics；detector integration", "problem": "BES 信号受束原子布居、衰减、寿命、光学体积和背景共同影响，需端到端模型解释密度与湍流。", "measurementPrinciple": "沿束解原子态速率方程，计算发射和束衰减，再通过三维观测光学积分到通道。", "quantities": [ "BES intensity", "beam attenuation", "density profile", "fluctuation transfer" ], "region": [ "边缘/核心束路径和观测体积" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "diagnostic/heating neutral beam", "collection optics", "photodetectors" ], "calibration": "需束电流/能量、滤光片、通道增益、光学几何、原子数据和背景校准。", "inference": "density retrieval；fluctuation interpretation；diagnostic design", "devices": [ { "name": "KSTAR", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "HSX studies", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "ITER neutral beam test facilities", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "关键模块与其他代码基准比较；原始论文用 KSTAR 实验数据进行验证。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "原始实现与后续 RENATE-OD 的公开可复现性有限；高阶原子态和复杂束组分带来核数据偏差。", "twinRelevance": "为密度/湍流孪生提供包含原子与光学响应的观测算子，能校正“模拟密度到 BES 强度”的差距。", "papers": [ { "title": "Three-dimensional modeling of beam emission spectroscopy measurements in fusion plasmas", "authors": "D. Guszejnov; G. I. Pokol; I. Pusztai; D. Refy; S. Zoletnik; M. Lampert; Y. U. Nam", "year": 2012, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/1.4764564", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4764564", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary experimental validation" } ], "code": [ { "name": "RENATE/RENATE-OD", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "未核验到作者团队维护的公共生产仓库；论文与后续工作描述实现。" } ], "organizations": [ "Budapest University of Technology and Economics", "KSTAR team" ], "tags": [ "BES", "rate-equation", "beam", "optics", "KSTAR" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-014", "projectId": "trippy", "primaryTask": "DG10", "relatedTasks": [ "DG9", "DG4", "DG7" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "OPTICAL" ], "title": "TRIPPy 环形辐射视线与反演协议", "titleEn": "TRIPPy Toroidal Radiation Inversion Protocol in Python", "technique": "family: OPTICAL；methods: ray tracing in toroidal geometry；equilibrium mapping；response matrix；radiation inversion", "problem": "球形托卡马克和常规托卡马克的辐射通道需与磁平衡及三维容器几何一致映射。", "measurementPrinciple": "利用装置几何和 eqtools 平衡对象追踪视线，构造辐射前向矩阵并支持反演。", "quantities": [ "line-integrated emission", "emissivity geometry matrix", "flux-coordinate mapping" ], "region": [ "核心与边界辐射视线" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "soft-x-ray arrays", "bolometers", "spectroscopic chords" ], "calibration": "通道响应和几何来自装置配置；时间匹配的平衡、坏道和绝对灵敏度需外部提供。", "inference": "geometry matrix；flux-surface projection；tomographic inversion", "devices": [ { "name": "Alcator C-Mod", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "NSTX-U", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "由 MIT PSFC 工具链用于 C-Mod/NSTX-U 数据分析，并与 eqtools 的装置独立平衡接口结合。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "维护活跃度、文档和现代测试覆盖有限；本质是几何/反演工具，不含完整原子辐射物理。", "twinRelevance": "提供轻量的装置几何到诊断矩阵映射，但生产孪生需补版本、CI 与误差传播。", "papers": [ { "title": "eqtools: Modular, extensible, open-source, cross-machine Python tools for working with magnetic equilibria", "authors": "M.A. Chilenski; I.C. Faust; J.R. Walk", "year": 2017, "venue": "Computer Physics Communications", "doi": "10.1016/j.cpc.2016.09.011", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2016.09.011", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary toolchain report" } ], "code": [ { "name": "TRIPPy", "url": "https://github.com/icfaust/TRIPPy", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "作者发布的 TRIPPy 实现。" }, { "name": "eqtools", "url": "https://github.com/PSFCPlasmaTools/eqtools", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "提供平衡和坐标映射，不是辐射前向模型本身。" } ], "organizations": [ "MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center" ], "tags": [ "ray-tracing", "tomography", "equilibrium", "C-Mod", "NSTX-U" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-023", "projectId": "minerva", "primaryTask": "DG10", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1", "DG2", "DG3", "DG4" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "Minerva 贝叶斯诊断建模与模型数据融合框架", "titleEn": "Minerva Bayesian Diagnostic Modelling and Model Data Fusion", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: Bayesian graphical models；forward models；probabilistic programming；joint posterior", "problem": "单诊断顺序处理无法一致处理共享校准参数、相关误差、互相依赖的物理量和模型选择。", "measurementPrinciple": "把每个诊断写成条件概率与前向模型，在共同图模型中联合推断状态、校准、几何和模型参数。", "quantities": [ "posterior plasma state", "calibration parameters", "uncertainties", "model evidence" ], "region": [ "跨核心、边界和平衡的联合状态空间" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "analysis/HPC servers" ], "calibration": "校准量可作为随机变量与状态联合估计；前提是先验、相关结构和可辨识性明确。", "inference": "Bayesian inversion；joint likelihood；model comparison；marginalisation", "devices": [ { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "W7-X", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST and framework applications", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "JET 电流层析奠定概率框架；W7-X 团队将 Minerva 用于 XICS、CXRS、XMCTS、TS、ECE、Zeff 等联合分析。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "专有/合作代码未公开；复杂前向模型导致采样昂贵，模型误差常被简化为高斯噪声，难以实时化。", "twinRelevance": "体现数字孪生应输出状态分布和证据而非单一最佳值，并可把校准漂移纳入在线状态。", "papers": [ { "title": "Current tomography for axisymmetric plasmas", "authors": "J Svensson; A Werner", "year": 2008, "venue": "Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/0741-3335/50/8/085002", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/50/8/085002", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary Bayesian framework" }, { "title": "Model data fusion", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2010, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.3189", "sourceType": "author primary preprint" }, { "title": "Integrated data analysis with Minerva at W7-X", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2021, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://conferences.iaea.org/event/251/contributions/20678", "sourceType": "IAEA primary conference contribution" } ], "code": [ { "name": "Minerva", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "未核验到项目团队公开的完整通用框架仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics", "JET contributors", "W7-X team" ], "tags": [ "Bayesian", "IDA", "joint-inference", "uncertainty", "calibration" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-024", "projectId": "aug-ida", "primaryTask": "DG10", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "ASDEX Upgrade 电子温度—密度集成数据分析", "titleEn": "ASDEX Upgrade Integrated Data Analysis of Electron Temperature and Density", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: Bayesian integrated data analysis；joint profile inference；diagnostic alignment；nuisance parameters", "problem": "ECE、TS、干涉仪和锂束各有局部/积分、时空分辨和系统偏差，独立拟合会产生不一致 Te/ne 剖面。", "measurementPrinciple": "把多个诊断的前向模型、误差和几何共同写入贝叶斯模型，联合推断 Te/ne 及对准/校准等干扰参数。", "quantities": [ "electron temperature profile", "electron density profile", "credible intervals", "alignment parameters" ], "region": [ "磁通面坐标下的核心至边缘剖面" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "ECE radiometer", "Thomson scattering", "interferometer", "lithium beam" ], "calibration": "通过共同状态约束对准和部分校准参数；仍需保留各诊断原始绝对校准与相关误差。", "inference": "Bayesian profile reconstruction；multi-diagnostic consistency；nuisance marginalisation", "devices": [ { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "论文在 AUG 实验数据上联合 Li-beam、干涉仪、ECE 和 TS，给出 Te/ne 与不确定度并处理诊断依赖；这是装置数据离线集成分析证据，不是常规在线服务证明。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "计算与前向模型维护成本高；磁面假设、异常分布和模型失配会使可信区间过窄。", "twinRelevance": "是跨诊断状态估计的成熟参考，应将联合后验作为孪生状态而非把各诊断先压缩成独立点估计。", "papers": [ { "title": "Integrated Data Analysis of Profile Diagnostics at ASDEX Upgrade", "authors": "R. Fischer; C. J. Fuchs; B. Kurzan; W. Suttrop; E. Wolfrum", "year": 2010, "venue": "Fusion Science and Technology", "doi": "10.13182/fst10-110", "url": "https://doi.org/10.13182/fst10-110", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary device application" } ], "code": [ { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade IDA/Minerva workflow", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "装置专用集成分析工作流未发现公共生产仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics", "ASDEX Upgrade team" ], "tags": [ "AUG", "IDA", "Te", "ne", "Bayesian" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-025", "projectId": "jet-microwave-minerva", "primaryTask": "DG10", "relatedTasks": [ "DG2" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "MICROWAVE" ], "title": "JET 微波诊断联合贝叶斯反演", "titleEn": "Bayesian Inference Using JET's Microwave Diagnostic System", "technique": "family: MICROWAVE；methods: joint ECE/reflectometry forward models；Bayesian inference；wall-reflection nuisance model", "problem": "多套 ECE 与反射计对 Te/ne 的响应互相依赖，并受磁场偏差、壁反射和灵敏度校准影响。", "measurementPrinciple": "在 Minerva 中联合三套 ECE 与反射计前向模型，同时推断 Te/ne、磁场修正、壁反射和诊断灵敏度参数。", "quantities": [ "electron temperature", "electron density", "magnetic-field correction", "wall reflection", "sensitivity" ], "region": [ "JET 核心至边缘微波可达区域" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "ECE radiometers", "microwave reflectometer" ], "calibration": "将部分灵敏度、场修正和反射项作为随机参数；绝对校准先验仍决定可辨识性。", "inference": "joint posterior；nuisance-parameter estimation；model consistency", "devices": [ { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "论文在 Ohmic JET 等离子体上联合推断，展示诊断间一致性和系统参数估计。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "SPECE 等高保真前向模型较慢；墙反射和非热分布模型简化，难以直接实时部署。", "twinRelevance": "证明孪生必须把仪器环境参数与等离子体状态一起估计，而不能假设传感器响应恒定。", "papers": [ { "title": "Bayesian inference using JET’s microwave diagnostic system", "authors": "S. Schmuck; J. Svensson; L. Figini; D. Micheletti; R.B. Morales", "year": 2020, "venue": "Nuclear Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1741-4326/ab7d51", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab7d51", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary device application" } ], "code": [ { "name": "JET Minerva microwave workflow", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "论文所用联合推断与装置接口未公开。" }, { "name": "SPECE", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "ECE 前向模型作为 enabling 组件；未核验公共仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics", "EUROfusion JET", "CNR" ], "tags": [ "JET", "ECE", "reflectometry", "Bayesian", "joint-inference" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-026", "projectId": "tomotok", "primaryTask": "DG10", "relatedTasks": [ "DG4", "DG7" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "Tomotok 辐射层析 Python 工具包", "titleEn": "Tomotok Python Package for Tokamak Radiation Tomography", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: minimum Fisher regularisation；SVD；generalised eigenvalue；biorthogonal basis；synthetic tests", "problem": "不同装置辐射层析需要可复用的几何接口、多个正则化算法和一致基准，而不是不可维护的单次脚本。", "measurementPrinciple": "给定通道几何矩阵与测量向量，用多种线性正则化方法重建二维发射率，并提供合成测试。", "quantities": [ "2D emissivity", "regularisation parameter", "reprojection residual" ], "region": [ "托卡马克截面核心与边界辐射" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "bolometer/SXR arrays" ], "calibration": "输入必须包含通道增益、噪声、坏道和几何；工具不提供绝对辐射校准。", "inference": "linear tomography；regularisation；reprojection", "devices": [ { "name": "COMPASS and generic tokamaks", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "论文描述包结构与算法；官方仓库含测试、几何和合成示例。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "主要是线性二维层析；复杂 3D、非高斯误差、反射和完整不确定度需扩展。", "twinRelevance": "适合建立可测试的层析基线和重投影残差监控，但不是全状态估计器。", "papers": [ { "title": "Tomotok: python package for tomography of tokamak plasma radiation", "authors": "J. Svoboda; J. Cavalier; O. Ficker; M. Imríšek; J. Mlynář; M. Hron", "year": 2021, "venue": "Journal of Instrumentation", "doi": "10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/c12015", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/c12015", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary software report" } ], "code": [ { "name": "Tomotok", "url": "https://github.com/Tomotok/core", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "作者团队公开的核心仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences" ], "tags": [ "tomography", "radiation", "regularisation", "Python", "COMPASS" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-027", "projectId": "fast-ion-vspace-tomo", "primaryTask": "DG10", "relatedTasks": [ "DG5" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "NUCLEAR_PARTICLE" ], "title": "快离子速度空间贝叶斯层析", "titleEn": "Bayesian Velocity-Space Tomography of Fast Ions", "technique": "family: NUCLEAR_PARTICLE；methods: diagnostic weight functions；Tikhonov Bayesian inversion；multi-diagnostic tomography", "problem": "FIDA、CTS、NPA、γ/中子谱等只投影快离子速度空间的一部分，单诊断反演严重欠定。", "measurementPrinciple": "将各诊断权重函数组装为联合线性/弱非线性观测算子，以贝叶斯正则化重建速度空间分布。", "quantities": [ "fast-ion velocity-space distribution", "credible structure", "reprojected signals" ], "region": [ "选定空间区域内的速度/能量—俯仰空间" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "FIDA", "CTS", "NPA", "gamma/neutron spectrometers" ], "calibration": "需要跨诊断绝对尺度、时间窗、空间响应和协方差；尺度误差应作为干扰参数而非预先归一化。", "inference": "velocity-space tomography；multi-diagnostic regularisation；uncertainty analysis", "devices": [ { "name": "ASDEX Upgrade", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "论文在 AUG/JET 快离子测量上展示联合层析与后验解释。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "权重函数依赖平衡、背景等离子体和原子/核模型；正则化可制造平滑结构，空间—速度联合反演仍昂贵。", "twinRelevance": "是快离子孪生把异构诊断融合为共同状态的直接原型，需同时保留观测覆盖和不可辨识区。", "papers": [ { "title": "Bayesian Integrated Data Analysis of Fast-Ion Measurements by Velocity-Space Tomography", "authors": "M. Salewski; M. Nocente; A. S. Jacobsen; F. Binda; C. Cazzaniga; J. Eriksson; B. Geiger; G. Gorini; C. Hellesen; V. G. Kiptily; T. Koskela; S. B. Korsholm; et al. (24 authors)", "year": 2018, "venue": "Fusion Science and Technology", "doi": "10.1080/15361055.2017.1380482", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2017.1380482", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary multi-device application" } ], "code": [ { "name": "Fast-ion velocity-space tomography workflow", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "论文专用代码未发现官方公共仓库。" }, { "name": "FIDASIM", "url": "https://github.com/D3DEnergetic/FIDASIM", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "可生成 FIDA 权重/前向响应，但不是联合层析求解器。" } ], "organizations": [ "Technical University of Denmark", "ASDEX Upgrade", "EUROfusion JET" ], "tags": [ "fast-ion", "velocity-space", "tomography", "Bayesian", "multi-diagnostic" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-028", "projectId": "bite-aurora", "primaryTask": "DG10", "relatedTasks": [ "DG3", "DG4" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "BITE/Aurora 贝叶斯杂质输运与多谱线反演", "titleEn": "BITE/Aurora Bayesian Impurity Transport and Multi-Line Inference", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: nested sampling；impurity transport forward model；atomic emission synthesis；Bayesian model selection", "problem": "由多条谱线反推杂质扩散 D、对流 V 和密度受输运、原子数据、Te/ne、锯齿及诊断响应共同制约且多解。", "measurementPrinciple": "前向求解杂质电荷态输运与谱线辐射，把 XICS/VUV 信号纳入似然，用嵌套采样比较输运参数化和模型。", "quantities": [ "impurity diffusion", "convection", "charge-state density", "line brightness", "model evidence" ], "region": [ "核心至台基杂质输运" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "XICS", "VUV spectrometers", "laser blow-off" ], "calibration": "需谱仪绝对强度、波长、仪器函数和 LBO 注入量；原子率系数与背景剖面不确定度应进入后验。", "inference": "Bayesian parameter estimation；model selection；posterior predictive checks", "devices": [ { "name": "Alcator C-Mod", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "BITE 在 C-Mod 钙 LBO 实验的 XICS/VUV 多线数据上推断 D/V，并与新经典、gyrofluid、gyrokinetic预测比较。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "参数化和父模型偏差可主导结果；嵌套采样昂贵，原子数据相关误差难以完整表示。", "twinRelevance": "展示了以模型证据和后验预测检查连接实验、输运和原子物理，是诊断驱动模型校准范式。", "papers": [ { "title": "Inference of experimental radial impurity transport on Alcator C-Mod: Bayesian parameter estimation and model selection", "authors": "F. Sciortino; N.T. Howard; E.S. Marmar; T. Odstrcil; N.M. Cao; R. Dux; A.E. Hubbard; J.W. Hughes; J.H. Irby; Y.M. Marzouk; L.M. Milanese; M.L. Reinke; et al. (14 authors)", "year": 2020, "venue": "Nuclear Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1741-4326/abae85", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/abae85", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary experiment" }, { "title": "Particle transport constraints via Bayesian spectral fitting of multiple atomic lines", "authors": "F. Sciortino; N. M. Cao; N. T. Howard; E. S. Marmar; J. E. Rice", "year": 2021, "venue": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "doi": "10.1063/5.0043765", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043765", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary method/application" } ], "code": [ { "name": "BITE", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "论文所述完整 Bayesian Impurity Transport InferencE 工作流未核验到公共仓库。" }, { "name": "Aurora", "url": "https://github.com/fsciortino/Aurora", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "作者团队的杂质输运/原子前向模型库；不是 BITE 采样与模型选择本体。" } ], "organizations": [ "MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center", "Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics", "Oak Ridge National Laboratory" ], "tags": [ "impurity", "transport", "Bayesian", "XICS", "C-Mod" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-029", "projectId": "indica", "primaryTask": "DG10", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1", "DG2", "DG3", "DG4" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "InDiCA 集成诊断分析框架", "titleEn": "InDiCA Integrated DiagnostiC Analysis", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: xarray data model；coordinate transforms；provenance；Bayesian workflows；diagnostic operators", "problem": "集成分析代码常重复实现数据容器、坐标变换、平衡访问、单位、血缘和诊断算子，难以组合与审计。", "measurementPrinciple": "以统一数据类型和 operator 把诊断读取、坐标映射、前向/逆算子和工作流组合；首个应用推断多杂质核心组分。", "quantities": [ "diagnostic data arrays", "equilibrium-mapped profiles", "impurity composition", "Zeff", "radiation", "dilution" ], "region": [ "核心二维截面与多诊断工作流" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "analysis servers" ], "calibration": "数据类型可携带误差、单位、血缘与时间分辨；源诊断校准证书和相关协方差仍需接入。", "inference": "integrated composition inference；coordinate transformations；provenance tracking", "devices": [ { "name": "MAST Upgrade/UKAEA-oriented development", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "generic magnetic-confinement devices", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "官方文档给出核心多杂质组成的范围、输入输出、溯源模式和教程；PyPI 由 GitHub trusted publishing 发布。", "evidenceLevel": "E2", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "仍处活跃开发，API 和装置适配覆盖变化；尚无公开证据表明成为多装置实时生产 IDA。", "twinRelevance": "把数据契约、坐标与可组合诊断算子放在同一 Python 框架，是面向孪生的工程化 IDA 候选。", "papers": [ { "title": "InDiCA official documentation", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2026, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://indica-ukaea.readthedocs.io", "sourceType": "official project documentation" }, { "title": "InDiCA package release", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2026, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://pypi.org/project/indica", "sourceType": "official package registry with verified provenance" } ], "code": [ { "name": "InDiCA", "url": "https://github.com/indica-mcf/Indica", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "PyPI verified provenance指向的项目官方公开仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "UK Atomic Energy Authority", "InDiCA maintainers" ], "tags": [ "IDA", "xarray", "provenance", "composition", "workflow" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-030", "projectId": "beast-mast", "primaryTask": "DG10", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "MAGNETIC" ], "title": "BEAST/MAST 贝叶斯平衡推断与证据交叉验证", "titleEn": "BEAST Bayesian Equilibrium Inference and Evidence Cross-Validation on MAST", "technique": "family: MAGNETIC；methods: current-beam tomography；Bayesian evidence；outlier diagnostics；Biot-Savart forward model", "problem": "磁探针、磁通环和 MSE 可能失标或异常；单一正则化平衡不给出可靠的不确定度或坏通道诊断。", "measurementPrinciple": "把等离子体电流离散为轴对称电流束，经 Biot–Savart 预测磁测量，联合 pickup coil、flux loop、MSE 形成后验并用证据识别离群通道。", "quantities": [ "current density", "LCFS", "flux surfaces", "q profile", "Shafranov shift", "uncertainty" ], "region": [ "MAST 等离子体截面" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "magnetic pickup coils", "flux loops", "MSE" ], "calibration": "可将失校或故障通道作为离群观测识别；绝对增益、线圈几何和 MSE 偏置仍需先验/干扰参数。", "inference": "Bayesian equilibrium；evidence cross-validation；outlier removal", "devices": [ { "name": "MAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "论文用 MAST 放电数据并与 EFIT++/力平衡等佐证比较，直接预测边界、q 与误差。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "轴对称电流束与先验决定分辨；计算开销和非轴对称/铁磁结构使实时推广困难。", "twinRelevance": "展示了平衡孪生应同时输出状态、不确定度和传感器健康，而非只提供一个磁面。", "papers": [ { "title": "Evidence cross-validation and Bayesian inference of MAST plasma equilibria", "authors": "G. T. von Nessi; M. J. Hole; J. Svensson; L. Appel", "year": 2012, "venue": "Physics of Plasmas", "doi": "10.1063/1.3677362", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3677362", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary device validation" } ], "code": [ { "name": "BEAST equilibrium inference code", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "论文实现未发现官方公开仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "Australian National University", "MAST team", "Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics" ], "tags": [ "equilibrium", "Bayesian", "sensor-health", "MAST", "MSE" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-034", "projectId": "diag2diag", "primaryTask": "DG10", "relatedTasks": [ "DG11", "DG2", "DG4", "DG6" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "Diag2Diag 多模态诊断超分辨与代理观测", "titleEn": "Diag2Diag Multimodal Diagnostic Super-Resolution", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: deep multimodal translation；spatiotemporal super-resolution；cross-diagnostic representation learning", "problem": "高分辨诊断往往覆盖窄、采样慢或停机，而互补诊断连续但信息贫化；需要从相关模态恢复可用代理。", "measurementPrinciple": "从同步的多诊断数据学习低分辨/替代输入到目标诊断高分辨表示的映射，并用保留实验验证。", "quantities": [ "super-resolved diagnostic signal/image", "prediction uncertainty proxies", "latent multimodal features" ], "region": [ "由目标诊断决定的剖面或二维观测区域" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "training GPUs", "existing diagnostics" ], "calibration": "训练前必须时间/空间注册和强度标定；模型输出不能获得超出训练域的计量溯源。", "inference": "multimodal reconstruction；super-resolution；surrogate diagnostic", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "Nature Communications 论文在 DIII-D 多模态数据上展示隐藏物理与诊断超分辨，并公开项目代码。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "可能生成貌似真实但物理错误的细节；跨工况/硬件升级 OOD、置信校准和实时延迟尚不足以替代权威诊断。", "twinRelevance": "适合填充孪生观测空洞和构建虚拟传感器，但只能作为带质量位的估计，不得覆盖原始证据。", "papers": [ { "title": "Multimodal super-resolution: discovering hidden physics and its application to fusion plasmas", "authors": "Azarakhsh Jalalvand; SangKyeun Kim; Jaemin Seo; Qiming Hu; Max Curie; Peter Steiner; Andrew Oakleigh Nelson; Yong-Su Na; Egemen Kolemen", "year": 2025, "venue": "Nature Communications", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-025-63492-1", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63492-1", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary device validation" } ], "code": [ { "name": "Diag2Diag-SRTS", "url": "https://github.com/PlasmaControl/Diag2Diag-SRTS", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "论文团队公开的模型与实验代码仓库。" } ], "organizations": [ "General Atomics", "DIII-D", "PlasmaControl collaboration" ], "tags": [ "virtual-sensor", "super-resolution", "multimodal", "DIII-D", "AI" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-031", "projectId": "raptor-observer", "primaryTask": "DG11", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1", "DG2" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "RAPTOR 实时剖面状态观测器", "titleEn": "RAPTOR Real-Time Profile State Observer", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: control-oriented transport model；extended Kalman filter；real-time state estimation；MARTe integration", "problem": "反馈控制所需 Te、ne、电流/q 剖面无法只靠高频直接测量，需要在诊断间隔之间以模型推进并同化稀疏观测。", "measurementPrinciple": "用低阶输运模型预测剖面状态，以 EKF/观测器吸收 TS、ECE、磁平衡等观测并输出实时状态及协方差。", "quantities": [ "electron temperature", "electron density", "current density", "q profile", "state covariance" ], "region": [ "磁通面坐标下核心剖面" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "real-time computers", "MARTe interfaces" ], "calibration": "状态估计依赖通道时间对齐、坐标映射与噪声协方差；模型偏差需过程噪声或在线参数校正。", "inference": "EKF；model-based observer；real-time prediction", "devices": [ { "name": "RFX-mod", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "TCV", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D-oriented control studies", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "RAPTOR 已集成 RFX-mod MARTe 实时环境并有装置联调/实时可运行证据；后续工作在 TCV 用 TS 同化重建 Te/ne/j_parallel，并有实时可运行预测论文，但来源不足以证明它已成为常规运行服务。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D3", "limitations": "低阶输运与轴对称假设在 MHD、ELM、异常加热时失配；没有经过 D5 保护资格。", "twinRelevance": "是诊断到控制之间最接近在线物理孪生的状态层，但需残差门控、失效降级和证据治理。", "papers": [ { "title": "Integration of the state observer RAPTOR in the real-time MARTe framework at RFX-mod", "authors": "Chiara Piron; Gabriele Manduchi; Paolo Bettini; Federico Felici; Claudio Finotti; Paolo Franz; Ondrej Kudlacek; Giuseppe Marchiori; Lionello Marrelli; J.-M. Moret; Paolo Piovesan; Olivier Sauter; et al. (13 authors)", "year": 2017, "venue": "Fusion Engineering and Design", "doi": "10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.02.093", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.02.093", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary real-time deployment" }, { "title": "Real-time-capable prediction of temperature and density profiles in a tokamak using RAPTOR and a first-principle-based transport model", "authors": "F. Felici; J. Citrin; A.A. Teplukhina; J. Redondo; C. Bourdelle; F. Imbeaux; O. Sauter", "year": 2018, "venue": "Nuclear Fusion", "doi": "10.1088/1741-4326/aac8f0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aac8f0", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary method/device validation" } ], "code": [ { "name": "RAPTOR production observer", "url": null, "status": "not-public", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "not-public", "relation": "装置实时实现未发现可核验公共生产仓库。" }, { "name": "MARTe2", "url": "https://vcis-gitlab.f4e.europa.eu/aneto/MARTe2", "status": "official-enabling", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "RFX-mod 实时宿主框架，不是 RAPTOR 物理观测器。" } ], "organizations": [ "EPFL", "Consorzio RFX", "TCV team" ], "tags": [ "state-estimation", "EKF", "real-time", "profiles", "control-interface" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-032", "projectId": "frnn", "primaryTask": "DG11", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1", "DG6" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "FRNN 跨装置破裂风险预测", "titleEn": "Fusion Recurrent Neural Network for Cross-Machine Disruption Risk Prediction", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: LSTM/recurrent neural networks；multi-signal sequence model；transfer learning；real-time inference", "problem": "破裂前兆多变量、时间尺度不同且装置分布漂移明显；手工阈值难以兼顾提前量与误报率。", "measurementPrinciple": "将磁、辐射、密度、控制等时间序列输入循环神经网络，输出随时间变化的破裂风险分数。", "quantities": [ "disruption probability/risk score", "alarm time", "feature trajectories" ], "region": [ "全等离子体放电与装置状态" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "GPU training cluster", "candidate CPU/GPU inference target" ], "calibration": "需统一信号定义、采样、缺失值和装置间尺度；概率分数需按运行域重新校准。", "inference": "sequence classification；transfer learning；early warning", "devices": [ { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "JET", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "Nature 论文在 DIII-D/JET 历史数据上评估跨装置预测，PPPL 团队公开了研究代码；该来源没有证明 FRNN 已作为装置 PCS 的常规实时闭环服务。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "历史数据标签、运行策略变化和稀有场景造成分布漂移；高 AUC 不等于保护可用性，未证明 D5。", "twinRelevance": "可作为孪生风险层，但必须由状态估计、OOD 检测、校准曲线和可验证安全门约束。", "papers": [ { "title": "Predicting disruptive instabilities in controlled fusion plasmas through deep learning", "authors": "Julian Kates-Harbeck; Alexey Svyatkovskiy; William Tang", "year": 2019, "venue": "Nature", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1116-4", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1116-4", "sourceType": "peer-reviewed primary multi-machine validation" } ], "code": [ { "name": "FRNN plasma-python", "url": "https://github.com/PPPLDeepLearning/plasma-python", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "论文团队维护的 plasma-python 研究仓库；软件介绍页只作出处线索，不作为代码链接。" } ], "organizations": [ "Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory", "DIII-D", "EUROfusion JET" ], "tags": [ "disruption", "LSTM", "cross-machine", "real-time", "risk" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "DSI-033", "projectId": "disruptionpy", "primaryTask": "DG11", "relatedTasks": [ "DG1", "DG2", "DG4", "DG6", "DG8" ], "techniqueFamilies": [ "COMPUTATIONAL" ], "title": "DisruptionPy 多装置破裂特征提取与基准数据流水线", "titleEn": "DisruptionPy Multi-Machine Disruption Data and Feature Pipeline", "technique": "family: COMPUTATIONAL；methods: MDSplus extraction；physics feature engineering；xarray datasets；machine adapters；reproducible pipelines", "problem": "破裂 ML 研究经常因装置专用脚本、不同标签、泄漏特征和不可追溯预处理而无法比较。", "measurementPrinciple": "从装置档案按统一配置抽取信号和物理特征，保留时间轴、缺失状态和装置适配逻辑，生成可复现训练数据。", "quantities": [ "raw signals", "engineered physics features", "disruption labels", "data-quality flags" ], "region": [ "全放电、多装置数据域" ], "temporalScale": "因装置、采集和分析链而异；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "spatialScale": "由视线、几何和反演设定；原始来源未给出统一数值。", "hardware": [ "MDSplus servers", "analysis compute" ], "calibration": "不重新标定物理传感器；必须记录源节点、单位、版本、填补和时间对齐以避免隐性漂移。", "inference": "feature extraction；dataset construction；quality filtering", "devices": [ { "name": "Alcator C-Mod", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "DIII-D", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "EAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "HBT-EP", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" }, { "name": "MAST", "fit": "未单独说明", "validation": "见工作验证说明" } ], "validation": "官方仓库提供多装置适配、测试与文档；实际数据访问仍受各设施权限和节点可用性约束。", "evidenceLevel": "E3", "deploymentLevel": "D2", "limitations": "它不是预测器、实时服务或权威标签库；统一特征名不保证诊断等价，数据许可限制完全复现。", "twinRelevance": "为孪生 AI 层提供可审计数据产品和装置适配范式，能把模型性能追溯到源信号与处理版本。", "papers": [ { "title": "DisruptionPy official repository and documentation", "authors": "未完整列出", "year": 2026, "venue": "原始论文 / 官方来源", "doi": null, "url": "https://github.com/MIT-PSFC/disruption-py", "sourceType": "MIT PSFC official repository" } ], "code": [ { "name": "DisruptionPy", "url": "https://github.com/MIT-PSFC/disruption-py", "status": "official-direct", "artifactType": "source-code", "access": "public", "relation": "MIT PSFC 维护的多装置破裂数据流水线。" } ], "organizations": [ "MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center", "multi-device contributors" ], "tags": [ "disruption", "data-pipeline", "MDSplus", "provenance", "benchmark" ], "asOf": "2026-08-12" } ] }